<p>Astolat is a heritage-listed villa at 96 Kadumba Street, Yeronga, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from to. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 25 August 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Astolat was erected for Brisbane solicitor Adolph Frederick Milford Feez, following transfer of the 2 acre 20 perch site to Albrecht Feez, his father, in April 1890. It is thought to have been designed by Brisbane architect George Henry Male Addison.</p><br>
<p>The house was erected during an important phase in the development of Yeronga. The Yeronga pocket, which fronts the Brisbane River on the eastern side of the Long Pocket Reach, had been taken up for farming purposes in the early 1850s. In the mid-1860s, part of portion 7 (the Kadumba Street area) was subdivided into large residential allotments fronting the river, but in the 1880s, the area suddenly became a fashionable suburban address. The impetus for successful Brisbane businessmen, lawyers, politicians, and civil servants to establish large residences on the river at Yeronga, came with the construction of the South Brisbane rail line from Corinda to Stanley Street, which opened in 1884 and followed Fairfield Road for much of the way.</p><br>
<p>The majority of fine 1880s and 1890s houses erected in the Yeronga area were built from 1885, following the opening of Yeronga Station that year. Only a few of these residences survive to illustrate the late 19th century development of Yeronga as a middle-class commuter suburb. Amongst those remaining are Como (1889–90) and solicitor Adolph Feez&#39;s home Astolat, which occupy adjacent sites on the southern side of Kadumba Street; Rhyndarra (1889) at the western end of Kadumba Street; and Avoca (s) in nearby Feez Street.</p><br>
<p>Yeronga-Lea, the earliest of the large homes erected in the area, no longer survives. The residence of newspaperman and politician Charles Hardie Buzacott, and of Queensland Premier Thomas Joseph Byrnes in the late 1880s and 1890s, Yeronga-Lea was located on the riverbank, on about 9 acres of land adjoining the southern boundary of what became the Hayne property. Reputedly, the suburb derives its name from this house. In 1885 the Railway Department named the local station after Mr Buzacotts home, and by January 1886, local residents universally referred to the area as Yeronga, distinguishing themselves from the more generic term of Boggo, the early name for the whole of the district between Clarence Corner and Oxley. Kadumba, erected for the Grimes family, which had owned farming land at Fairfield/Yeronga/Yeerongpilly since the 1870s, is no longer extant, its name perpetuated in one of the suburbs principal streets.</p><br>
<p>Astolat may have been designed by respected Brisbane architect GHM Addison of the Melbourne-based firm Oakden, Addison & Kemp, who had called tenders for a house at Indooroopilly for Arthur Feez, Adolph&#39;s brother, in late 1887. The verandah detailing and the bay window expressed in the roof by a chamfered hip, are reminiscent of other Addison domestic designs of this period, including Ralahyne (1888), Kirkston (1888–89), and the 1888 extensions to Stanley Hall.</p><br>
<p>The name Astolat is associated with the Arthurian legend, and was mentioned in Sir Thomas Malorys Morte dArthur, published in England in the 15th century. Elaine, maid of Astolat, drowned herself for the love of Sir Lancelot, Knight of the Round Table. The Feez family appears to have had some fascination for the legend - Adolph Feez&#39;s first child, born on 7 March 1890, was christened Elaine.</p><br>
<p>Adolph Feez, for whom Astolat was commissioned, was born in Brisbane in 1858, son of Rockhampton businessman and politician Colonel Albrecht Feez and Sophia Milford, daughter of Moreton Bay&#39;s first Supreme Court Judge Samuel Milford. Educated in Rockhampton and Sydney, he spent several years surveying in the Riverina and in western Queensland before taking up law. Gaining legal experience in Melbourne, Charters Towers and Cairns, he completed his articles with Peter MacPherson in Brisbane, and was admitted as a solicitor on 1 December 1885. From 1 January 1886, he was a partner in the firm of MacPherson, Miskin and Feez, solicitors. Miskin retired not long after and the firm carried on as MacPherson and Feez, and were retained in some of the major litigation of the 1890s. The partnership was dissolved, following which Feez practised under his own name until 1905, when he entered into partnership with Arthur Baynes. In 1912, AFT Ruthning joined the partnership, and from 1927 the firm was known as Feez Ruthning and Company, and continues as Feez Ruthning. After nearly 60 years in the legal profession, Adolph Feez retired from practice in 1942.</p><br>
<p>Feez was a keen sportsman. He represented Queensland in Rugby Union, was an early Master of the Hunt with the Brisbane Hunt Club, founded the Queensland Polo Association, and was a foundation member of the Queensland Lawn Tennis Association. The Brisbane Hunt Club survived for about eight years in the late 1880s and 1890s, with draghunts held usually in the Yeronga district. Reputedly, Feez and his neighbour, JW Hayne, kept the kennels for the Hunt Club on their properties.</p><br>
<p>Following Albrecht Feezs death in 1896, the property passed to his two sons, Adolph and Arthur, as trustees. Arthur died in 1935, and Adolphs wife, Kate Elise Feez, was nominated trustee in his place. In the late 1930s the property was subdivided, at which time Astolat Street was formed, and by 1947 the Feez family had sold all the subdivisions apart from that on which the house stood.</p><br>
<p>Adolph Feez died at Astolat on 13 October 1944, survived by his wife and children. His son, Cecil Molle Feez, was appointed a trustee of the property in Adolph&#39;s place. Mrs Feez remained at Astolat until 1949, when the property was sold to Stanley Samuel Carrick. It remained in the Carrick family until acquired in 1963 by Dr Kenneth Wilson and his wife Jocelyn, and was transferred in 1980 to the present owners.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Astolat is a picturesque single-storeyed timber residence, with a corrugated iron roofs and timber verandahs. It sits towards the rear of a wedge-shaped block, and has a front garden with mature trees and a circular drive. The house is one of a group of three adjacent substantial late 19th and early 20th century timber residences on Kadumba St screened by a streetscape of mature trees, and contributes to both the streetscape of Kadumba St and the townscape of Yeronga.</p><br>
<p>The house has an L-shaped plan, with a hipped primary roof encircled by a raked verandah roof. It has verandahs to the north and the west, and a projecting hexagonal bay at the north west corner. A wide set of timber stairs extends out to the north east from the hexagonal bay.</p><br>
<p>The house is lined with deep chamferboards and rests on a brick base with screened panels. It has timber double doors with fanlights and louvred outer leaves opening onto the verandah. The verandah has square timber posts with square capitals and arched timber valances, surmounted by spandrels with fine lattice battening, and cast iron balustrades.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Astolat was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 25 August 2000 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Astolat survives as an important illustration of the late 19th century transformation of Yeronga from small farming community to prestigious residential commuter suburb. From a broader perspective, it is important in illustrating the effect that access to rail transport in the late 19th century had on Brisbanes urban environment, creating in the 1870s and 1880s a string of "outer" suburbs along the new railway lines into the capital. The place also illustrates the nature of Queenslands first generation of suburban rail commuters - principally the affluent middle-class. With the construction of this and other houses of similar status in the area in the late 19th century (including adjacent Como/Barrogill), the tone of the suburb as a quiet, middle-class residential retreat was established, and sustained into the second half of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>It has the potential to reveal further information about late 19th/early 20th century Brisbane architects and their work, and may prove to be a fine example of the domestic work of important Brisbane architect GHM Addison.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Astolat is a substantial picturesque timber residence set in a garden of mature trees.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>As one of a group of substantial late 19th and early 20th century timber residences on Kadumba Street, the building contributes to both the streetscape of Kadumba Street and the townscape of Yeronga.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The place is significant for its long association with the Feez family.</p><br>
<p>Yeronga Fire Station is a heritage-listed former fire station at 785 Ipswich Road, Yeronga, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by architectural firm Atkinson and Conrad, and built in 1934 by contractor William Allen Miller. It is a two-storey timber structure adjacent to Yeronga Park, and originally housed the station facilities on the ground floor and a residence for the superintendent on the first floor, a combination typical for Brisbane fire stations of this era.</p><br>
<p>The station was decommissioned in 1974, when operations were shifted to the new station at Acacia Ridge. It was subsequently used as offices for the Queensland State Emergency Service, but was put up for sale by the Department of Natural Resources in 1999; as of 2014, the building was being used as offices for a consulting firm. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 April 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A modest, functional civic building, the former Yeronga Fire Station on the corner of School Road and Ipswich Road within Yeronga Memorial Park, is a prominent landmark on the busy Brisbane arterial, Ipswich Road,</p><br>
<p>Between 1860 and 1868 there were five attempts to form a fire fighting service for Brisbane. Each brigade struggled to survive unable to attract a viable subscription base and hampered by inadequate equipment and an unreliable water supply. The establishment of an effective fire service did not enjoy a high priority among civic and government leaders.</p><br>
<p>A fifth brigade, the City Volunteer Fire Brigade, was established in 1868 under rules which provided for better financial control and management through the Fire Brigade Board. These arrangements were consolidated by the Fire Brigades Act of 1881 under which it was established that the Brigade was to be funded for fire services from contributions by the Queensland State Government, Brisbane Municipal Council, insurance companies and subscriptions. In 1889 the first full-time firemen were employed and a permanent fire brigade was established. A new headquarters, designed by Henry Wallace Atkinson, was completed on the corner of Ann and Edwards Streets (on a corner of the Normal School site) in 1890. This began a long association between the Fire Brigade and the various architectural firms with whom he was associated.</p><br>
<p>With the establishment of the South Coast railway in 1884, Yeronga was recognised as a desirable commuter suburb. Settlement of the suburb remained subdued until the interwar years when residential building activity increased dramatically, with the number of residences in Yeronga doubling. At this time, the Metropolitan Fire Brigades Board was attempting to respond to the increased fire fighting needs of the expanding Brisbane suburbs. In the 1930s, the Board was resiting old stations and erecting new stations under a program funded by the Queensland Government, instigated by the Minister for Health and Home Affairs, Ned Hanlon. The former Yeronga Fire Station, the first fire station in Yeronga, was erected under this program by contractor William Allen Miller and opened by Mr William Brian Denmead on 18 April 1934. The new building housed the station facilities on the ground floor and a residence for the superintendent on the first floor. This combination of station and residence was the typical design for fire stations in Brisbane at this time. Similar, though larger, residential fire stations were built at Coorparoo in 1935 (Coorparoo Fire Station); Nundah in 1936 (Nundah Fire Station); Wynnum in 1938 (Wynnum Fire Station) and Hamilton 1941.</p><br>
<p>The Yeronga Fire Station was decommissioned in 1974 when operations were relocated to the new Acacia Ridge Station. It was subsequently used as an office for the Queensland State Emergency Service, but was deemed to be surplus to requirements and put up for sale by the Department of Natural Resources in 1999. As of 2014, the building was being used as offices for a consulting firm.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>On the southeast corner of Yeronga Park, the former Yeronga Fire Station is a two-storey timber framed structure, clad with weatherboards to the lower level and battened fibro sheeting to the upper level, beneath a red terracotta tiled gabled roof. A discreet awning with a pressed metal edging decorated with pateras and fluting shelters the engine room entrance to the School Road frontage and is supported by steel tie-rods fixed to the exterior of the first floor.</p><br>
<p>Rectangular in plan, the ground floor contains an engine room, watchroom, dormitory, kitchen, bathroom and recreation room. Tall, vertical, timber, bifold, counterweighted doors to School Road open into the engine room around which the other rooms are arranged in an L-shape. The concrete floor to the engine room has been painted green but the red fire engine guide tracks are evident in areas where the paint has worn. The watchroom is at the front of the Station off the engine room and opens into the adjacent dormitory. The fireman&#39;s pole terminated in a small hall in the centre of the building to the rear of the engine room. The pole has been removed. The kitchen, bathroom and dormitory open off this hall. The recreation room is to the rear of the Station off the engine room and opening to the rear yard. All ground floor rooms are lined with tongue and groove boarding and have fibro sheeted battened ceilings. The dormitory contains built-in timber cupboards and tilting fanlights to the engine room wall. The bathroom could not be unlocked but a terrazzo floor was evident under the closed door. A serving hatch has been cut into the wall between the kitchen and the recreation room.</p><br>
<p>A dog-leg timber stair at the rear of the Station connects to entrance to the residential accommodation for the station superintendent above which contains three bedrooms, living room, kitchen, bathroom and hall. A laundry, on a suspended concrete slab supported by concrete piers, is off the landing of the dog-leg stair. The laundry was not able to be unlocked. The entrance to the residence opens off a small sheltered porch at the top of the stair through an arched doorway into a central hall. The smaller bedrooms and bathroom are through an arched opening to the west of the hall and the kitchen and living room open to the east and south of the hall. The cupboard to the east of the hall that housed the fireman&#39;s pole is now used for storage. The kitchen no longer functions as a kitchen but cupboards to the west and an arched recess and broom cupboard to the south remain. The bedroom to the northwest and the bathroom have been converted to toilets. The living room has an arched recess and opens to an enclosed verandah to the southeast. The wall separating bedrooms one and two has been removed. All rooms are lined with tongue and groove boarding and have fibro sheeted and battened ceilings. The battening to the ceiling in bedroom one forms a lozenge-like pattern.</p><br>
<p>A small, tubular-steel and chain wire gate to the west of the Station opens to a drained, concrete path continuous about the west, north and east of the Station. A battered bank rises up on each side of the concrete path to the level of the park behind. Concrete vehicle tracks from Ipswich Road gateway finish at the rear of the Station. Repairs to the northeast corner of the concrete path indicate the location of an earlier tank stand. Two timber sheds have been erected to the rear of the station for storage and additional office accommodation.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Yeronga Fire Station (former) was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The former Yeronga Fire Station is an important example of the upgrading of fire stations undertaken in Brisbane suburbs by the Queensland Government through the Metropolitan Fire Board during the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The former Yeronga Fire Station is important in demonstrating the growth of Yeronga during the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The former Yeronga Fire Station is an important example of the architecture and planning of Brisbane suburban fire stations of the 1930s. The interiors in both the operational and domestic areas are substantially intact.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The former Yeronga Fire Station has aesthetic and architectural significance as a modest, functional civic building. Robust and austere, it is a landmark on Ipswich Road, a busy Brisbane arterial.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The former Yeronga Fire Station is important as one of a number of civic and community service buildings located within Yeronga Park.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The former Yeronga Fire Station is an important example of the work of the architectural firm Atkinson and Conrad. Atkinson, through the firms he was associated with, sustained a long association with the Fire Services in Brisbane commencing in 1890 with his design for the new headquarters for the Brisbane Fire Brigade. His architectural practices were responsible for many of the fire stations throughout Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>Kinauld is a heritage-listed detached house at 116 Dornoch Terrace, Highgate Hill, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Alexander Brown Wilson and built from 1888 to 1889. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This timber and corrugated iron hill-top house was erected in 1888 for the widow of Alexander Macintosh.</p><br>
<p>Alexander Macintosh came to Brisbane from Scotland in 1865 with his wife and family of nine children. In 1866 he purchased the site and built a simple timber dwelling, which he called Kinauld. Mackintosh died in 1877, but in 1888 his wife commissioned Brisbane architect Alexander B Wilson to design the present Kinauld, immediately behind the first.</p><br>
<p>Macintosh descendants owned the dwelling until 1953, occupying the house until the late 1930s. During the Second World War it was rented by HW Herbert, manager of Queensland Trustees.</p><br>
<p>Subsequent owners made many internal alterations: marble fireplaces, cedar fittings and stained glass were removed, ceilings were sheeted with asbestos, verandahs enclosed, rooms modified and the rear verandah&#39;s cast-iron balustrading sold off.</p><br>
<p>Restoration by current owners includes reconstructing the front facade, front door and ceilings, and replacing fittings.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Kinauld is a large timber house built on a steeply sloping site. It is square in plan with a single-storey at street level and two-storeys at the rear. The twin hipped roof with valley is clad in corrugated iron.</p><br>
<p>The front verandah has a hipped roof, cast-iron balustrades and timber venetians. The central frontispiece has a gabled pediment. The chamfered board walls are broken by pairs of step-out windows either side of the central front door.</p><br>
<p>The plan of the main floor is most innovative, with all rooms except the drawing room opening off a central room or circulation space that has no windows. The front door opens onto a short hall with two doors, one of which leads to the central room. The right hand door opens on to the large front drawing room which has pairs of step-out windows that provide egress to the front and eastern verandahs and a bay window.</p><br>
<p>Walls and ceilings were lath and plaster, while skirting boards, doors and architraves were cedar.</p><br>
<p>The sub-floor was composed of a kitchen, dining room, laundry and store room.</p><br>
<p>Externally Kinauld presents a substantially intact colonial facade.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Kinauld was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Kinauld, constructed in 1888, survives as one of Brisbane&#39;s commanding hilltop houses and is important for its association with the early settlement of Highgate Hill.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>As an accomplished building of innovative form and unusual style, it is a fine example of the early domestic work of Brisbane architect Alexander B Wilson.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Kinauld, as one of the Brisbane&#39;s commanding hilltop houses, contributes significantly to the South Brisbane/Highgate Hill townscape and to the historic streetscape of Dornoch Terrace.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Kinauld is also important for its association with the Macintosh family.</p><br>
<p>Wairuna is a heritage-listed detached house at 27 Hampstead Road, Highgate Hill, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Robin Dods and built from 1896 to 1900. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Wairuna was constructed as the residence of James Allan between 1896 and 1900, to the design of fine Brisbane architect Robin Dods.</p><br>
<p>James Allan was the co-founder of the drapery and outfitting firm, Allan and Stark who had outlets in South Brisbane and Queen Street. Allan and Stark were operating from the mid 1880s and remained in business as a major Queensland department store until they were taken over by Myer in the later half of the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>James Allan and his new wife, Elizabeth Stark, moved into a house in Hampstead Road on the site of Wairuna which Allan bought on 4 February 1885. Wairuna was constructed in several stages from 1896 until 1900 and there is suggestion that the original house in which the couple were living was somehow incorporated in the new Dods designed residence. However, there is very little evidence of this at the house, although material including timber and doors may well have been recycled within the Allans new house. When constructed Wairuna included a tennis court and tennis pavilion, a fence and surrounding gardens. Robert Smith (Robin) Dods was a prolific, innovative and highly skilled Brisbane architect. Dods was articled in Edinburgh to Hay and Henderson and also attended classes of the local Architectural Association, before moving to London and joining the office of prominent nineteenth century architect, Sir Aston Webb in 1890. He returned to Brisbane after winning a competition for the Brisbane Hospital and began a partnership Hall & Dods with local architect, Francis Richard Hall. Dods was a sophisticated architect, able to well integrate the contemporary innovative design of the Arts and Crafts movement with the climactic features of a sub tropical climate. Wairuna is certainly an example of this integration of ideas, a finely designed building following the Arts and Crafts tradition with a high pitched complex roof, multi gabled and bayed projections and an overall picturesque quality, achieved whilst obtaining a comfortable and livable Queensland house.</p><br>
<p>James Allan died on 27 January 1938 and Wairuna was acquired by the Presbyterian Church on 16 March 1943. The building was used as a hostel from 1939 until 1972, then as a Home Mission Training Institute and in 1977 was used as a Uniting Church manse. During the period of church ownership many internal partitions were added and the bathroom facilities were extended. A church hall was constructed on the site of the former tennis court. Subdivision followed and the church was sold into private ownership in about 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Wairuna is a substantial mostly one storeyed elevated timber building on a prominent site in Hampstead Road, Highgate Hill. The building has a complex steeply pitched hipped and gabled roof clad with red Marseilles patterned terracotta roof tiles. Gabled projections on the roof give external expression to bay windows and other projections which would otherwise be concealed by verandahs. The gabled projections on the roof are clad with a variety of small terracotta tiles or horizontal timber boarding. The projections have decorative bargeboards partially infilled with either vertical timber battening or cross braced timber members.</p><br>
<p>The building is timber framed and clad with horizontal beaded boarding. Tall rectangular stuccoed chimney stacks with simple cut out decorative motif below the cap. The building is lined on the northern facade, facing toward the central business district, with a wide timber framed verandah. The verandah has rectangular timber posts, a simple vertical battened balustrade. The verandahs are lined with timber louvred screen and latticing. The pitch of the roof becomes more shallow over the verandahs.</p><br>
<p>Pedestrian entrance to the house is via a set of secured concrete stairs from Hampstead Road which curve up to a lawned terrace in front of the northern facade of the house. From this timber steps lead to a double timber latticed door in a small diagonally placed porch projecting from the verandah. This north eastern end of the verandah expands to form a large open piazza area. From the piazza access is provided to a double timber entrance door, flanked by leadlight sidelights and surmounted by a rectangular transom, also glazed with leadlight. From here, a small entrance vestibule is separated from the entrance hall by a colonnade.</p><br>
<p>Internally the building has timber boarded floors, vertical timber boarded walls and ceilings clad with decorative pressed metal sheeting. The interior is arranged around a large central space comprising the entrance hall and a large conservatory hall to the west of the hall and linked by a short hallway. Both of these central rooms have large clerestory windows, providing natural light to what would otherwise be quite dark central rooms. Surrounding these rooms and accessed from them are a number of rooms including a drawing room, dining room, study, three bedrooms along with a number of smaller ancillary rooms including a servant&#39;s bedroom, bathroom and toilet, kitchen, serving pantry and scullery. Access is provided to two stairs from the conservatory, one internal timber stair and, quite near this, at the western end of the house, an external stair, leading to a rear terrace. Most internal timber doors, which are generally four panelled, are surmounted by operable transom lights. The internal rooms are generally generously sized spaces and the interior is a substantially intact late nineteenth century residence, although many of the service areas have been refitted with modern facilities.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Wairuna was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Wairuna is a substantial timber residence, constructed between 1896 and 1900, and demonstrates the growth of South Brisbane during this period when many large residences were erected.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The building is a good example of the work of Robin Dods, adapting Arts and Crafts design philosophy with the climactic constraints posed by sub tropical dwelling.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The building has special associations with Robin Dods, the architect and with James Allan for whom it was constructed.</p><br>
<p>The Charleston Hotel is an historic hotel in the City of Lake Charles in the USA state of Louisiana. It is located at Ryan and Pujo Streets. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places May 27, 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The hotel initial proposal contained eight stories but when work began in 1928 this was increased to ten floors. The estimated cost increased $50,000 to $600,000, and the hotel was completed in 1929, during the administration of Mayor Henry J. Geary.</p><br>
<p>When completed the building was the city&#39;s first skyscraper. The bottom two stories were faced with cement molded to resemble cut stone blocks and the upper eight stories were faced with tan brick in the Neo-Classical Beaux Arts style. It is topped by a stone cornice and some windows on the top story are surrounded by pilasters and elaborate spandrel panels. The interior of the building has a two-story lobby, elaborate tile work, and balconies on the upper level. The Charleston Ballroom, located on the second floor, has Corinthian pilasters and weekly dances were held on the open roof garden.</p><br>
<h2>Current</h2><br>
<p>As of 2014, the structure has undergone extensive renovation with rooms converted into shops with event space throughout the building.</p><br>
<p>Nakskov Fjord is an inlet in the west of the island of Lolland, Denmark. It is about 12 km long. There are about 10 small islands located in the fjord. The largest town in the area is Nakskov. The place is also a designated bird sanctuary.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Naksov Fjord is situated at the western end of Lolland. Nakskov is the largest town in the area, along with the smaller towns of Langø and Tårs. The southern edge of the fjord is made by the 7.5 kilometer long curved strip of grassland called Albuen while the northern edge lies near the small town of Tårs. A ferry commutes between Tårs and Spodsbjerg. Along the fjord, just outside Nakskov, is situated the beautiful beach, Hestehovedet. The fjord is about 12 kilometers long. The depth is usually shallow, around 1–2 meters but reaches a maximum of 8.5 meters at the port of Nakskov. There are around 10 islands in the fjord along with some smaller islets. The largest islands are named Enehøje, Vejlø and Slotø.</p><br>
<p>Two post-boats Vesta and Gaia take the mail from Nakskov to the residents in these small islands. Tourists can also go with these boats and enjoy the fjord and the islands.</p><br>
<h2>Inner fjord</h2><br>
<p>The inner fjord (indrefjord) is the part of the fjord that narrows and reaches Nakskov. It is located right next to the town center. Along the inner fjord are walking tracks. The area is also good for fishing. Many bird species nest in the inner fjord area and are especially of interest for bird-watchers.</p><br>
<h2>Nature</h2><br>
<p>Nakskov fjord is a Natura 2000 protected bird habitat since May, 1983. The total surface area of the protected habitat is 85 km. Many species of birds are found in the fjord and the inner fjord area including mute swan, crested grebe, gadwall, shoveler, pochard, tufted duck and the beautiful bearded tit. During the migration season such species as little gull and black tern can also be seen. The fjord is also a protected habitat for dolphins and porpoises.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>The area is quite popular with tourists as well as with the local population.</p><br>
<p>The Capa Bridge is a historic bridge in rural Jones County, South Dakota. It is located 15.7 mi west and 9.8 mi north of Murdo, and about 3 mi east of Capa, and carries a local road over the Bad River. Its main span is a Pratt through truss 127 ft in length, which has been riveted rather than pinned together. The bridge also has five smaller approach spans on the west and two on the east, made of wooden stringers. The bridge piers are either concrete or wood pile, and the outermost abutments are wood pile. The bridge was apparently built in 1919 by a county crew, and is one of only two pre-1920 bridges in the state to use a riveted Pratt truss.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Elk Lake Guard Station is a United States Forest Service cabin located in the Deschutes National Forest southwest of Bend, Oregon. The guard station was built in 1929 on the north shore of Elk Lake. It was used as a home base for Forest Service personnel who protected forest resources, maintained facilities, and aided summer visitors in the Cascade Lakes area of Central Oregon. After decades of use, the cabin was renovated in the late 1990s. Today, the historic guard station serves as a Forest Service visitor information center along the Cascade Lakes Scenic Byway. The Elk Lake Guard Station is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Elk Lake Guard Station is located in the eastern foothills of the Cascade Range in central Oregon. It is 32 mi southwest of Bend. The guard station is just off Forest Road 46, also known as the Cascade Lakes National Scenic Byway. The compound is situated between the east side of the highway and the northwest shore of the Elk Lake. The site is at an elevation of 4,921 ft above sea level. The area around the guard station is a coniferous forest dominated by lodgepole pine.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Cascade Lakes area of central Oregon became part of the Cascade Range Forest Reserve in 1893. In 1905, these public lands were transferred to the newly formed United States Forest Service. In 1906, Elk Lake was named by Roy Harvey, a Forest Service ranger. The Elk Lake area became part of the Deschutes National Forest in 1908. A primitive road was built from Bend to Elk Lake in 1920. The road helped make Elk Lake a popular recreation site where summer visitors enjoyed boating, fishing, and swimming. To accommodate the growing number of visitors, Elk Lake Lodge was built in 1922. Two years later, a post office was opened at Elk Lake.</p><br>
<p>Since the land around Elk Lake was administered by the Forest Service, the growing number of visitors required the rangers in Bend to spend more time in the area. To support this presence, the Elk Lake Guard Station was built in 1929. Initially, the guard station was manned on a transient basis whenever a ranger from the Bend District office was in the area. In 1935, the Forest Service moved the ranger cabin approximately 300 ft from the edge of the lake to a sheltered area close to the road. Beginning in the late 1930s, the guard station was manned full-time during the summer by a Forest Service guard. The guard protected forest resources, maintained local facilities, and assisted summer visitors. The Forest Service continued to staff the guard station into the 1990s.</p><br>
<p>In 1997, the Forest Service decided to turn the historic Elk Lake Guard Station into an information center for visitors traveling along the Cascade Lakes National Scenic Byway. At the same time, the Forest Service began a series of renovation projects to restore the historic character of the guard station. The repair and rehabilitation work was accomplished by Forest Service employees and volunteers over a period of five summers. The restoration included foundation work, resealing of walls, and repairs to the porch, doors, windows, and chimney. The linoleum floor covering was removed to reveal the original wooden floor, and the cabin&#39;s old cedar shingles were replaced with new ones. The guard station was rededicated in a ceremony on 25 August 2001.</p><br>
<p>Because the Elk Lake Guard Station is a well-preserved example of an early Forest Service guard station, the ranger cabin at the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on 23 April 2009. Today, the historic guard station is open during the summer months, serving as a Forest Service visitor information center. It is staffed by volunteer history interpretation/information specialists who serve as uniformed Forest Service representatives at the site.</p><br>
<h2>Structures</h2><br>
<p>The historic Elk Lake Guard Station site covers approximately 2 acre. There are four structures at the Elk Lake Guard Station. However, only the ranger cabin has historic value. The other three non-historic structures support on-going operations at the visitor information center. The structures include a combined ranger residence and office, a utility shed, a pump house, and an outhouse with a vault toilet. Each building has a different design based on its function and the period in which it was constructed. As a result of the renovation that was completed in 2001, the historic cabin is in excellent condition.</p><br>
<p>The ranger cabin is a one-story stacked-log structure on a concrete-pier foundation with a gable roof. The cabins footprint measures 17 x, providing approximately 400 ft2 of interior space. The structure is constructed of 8 in diameter peeled logs with mortar chinking packed between the logs. The logs are stacked horizontally and secured at the corners in saddle notches except at the southwest corner, where the upper tier logs are placed vertically. The upper part of the gable ends are covered with horizontal board-and-batten. The cabins stone chimney is in the center of the roof. The front and back porches are 4.5 x, supported by log posts. All the doors and exterior window frames are painted green. The rest of the building is unpainted.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the cabin is partitioned into three rooms. The interior petitions are made of peeled stacked logs with mortar chinking between logs. The front room (office) is at north end of building. The bedroom takes up the southwest quarter and the kitchen is in the southeast quarter. A steel cable connects the two long walls to keep the winter snow load from forcing the sides of the cabin apart. The floor is covered with 4 in tongue-and-groove fir planks. The cabin has three doors: a front door facing west, a back door facing east, and a kitchen door facing south. The office has two casement windows. The bedroom and kitchen each have two horizontal sliding sash windows. The kitchen has built-in knotty pine cupboards and the bedroom has a built-in knotty pine dresser. The bedroom also has a built-in closet with knotty pine doors. The ceiling is covered with 4 in-wide tongue-and-groove fir boards.</p><br>
<p>There is a utility shed next to the ranger cabin. It was built in 1979. The building is 18 x with a side gable roof. The exterior is covered with pine board-and-batten siding. The shed has two horizontal sliding-glass windows on east and west sides. The interior has a drywall finish. The building houses a shower, refrigerator, washing machine, and clothes dryer.</p><br>
<p>The pump house was built in 2005. It houses the guard station&#39;s water pump. The building is a wood-frame structure with a gabled roof. It has a 6 x footprint with only one door, located on the south side of the building.</p><br>
<p>The guard stations outhouse was built sometime before 1970. It has a vault toilet. The structure has a wood-frame with tongue-and-groove siding and a gable roof. The buildings footprint is 4.5 x.</p><br>
<p>The Silver City North Addition Historic District is a residential historic district in Silver City, New Mexico. The district includes several blocks on the north side of College Avenue; the area between West and Santa Rita Streets is especially significant. The North Addition was a well-to-do neighborhood of Silver City in the late 1800s and early 1900s, and some of the citys most prominent residents lived there. Local politicians, attorneys, builders, doctors, and three presidents of Western New Mexico University owned homes in the neighborhood. The Queen Anne style, which was popular nationally during the districts development, predominates in the district. Many of the houses feature vernacular forms, such as the hipped box plan, with Queen Anne elements such as window detailing and frame porches. The district also includes several bungalows built in the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 17, 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Mowbraytown Presbyterian Church is a heritage-listed church precinct at 22-28 Mowbray Terrace, East Brisbane, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by architect Alexander Brown Wilson and built from 1885 to. It is also known as East Brisbane Presbyterian Church. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 22 October 1993.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mowbraytown Presbyterian Church was erected in late 1885 on land donated by Williamina Mowbray, widow of the "father" of Presbyterianism in Queensland, Rev. Thomas Mowbray. In 1851, Mowbray was instrumental in establishing at Grey Street, South Brisbane, Queensland&#39;s first Presbyterian church. This building has been demolished, but his name and work is commemorated in the Mowbraytown Presbyterian Church.</p><br>
<p>In the 1850s, Mowbray acquired a substantial parcel of land, including what is now Mowbray Park and parts of East Brisbane, at what was then referred to as Kangaroo Point. In 1884 Mrs Mowbray sold part of the estate to Josiah Young of Brisbane. Young immediately subdivided this land as the Mowbraytown Estate, from which East Brisbane derives much of its identity. In 1885 Mrs Mowbray re-acquired from Young two allotments at the corner of Geelong Street and Mowbray Terrace, which she then donated to the church.</p><br>
<p>The rapid development of the East Brisbane area during the 1880s prompted the establishment of a Charge in Mowbraytown. Mowbraytown was unusual also in that it emerged almost immediately as an established and self-sustaining charge. The first service was conducted on 22 November 1885 and a minister was appointed permanently in March 1886.</p><br>
<p>The Mowbraytown church was designed by newly established Brisbane architect Alexander Brown Wilson - later an elder of the congregation - and was erected by South Brisbane carpenter and contractor Thomas Gillies at a cost of £600, inclusive of seats and fencing. When completed in November 1885, the body of the church measured 9.5 metres by 8.2 metres, and seated 230 persons. The building was entered via two porches either side of the front gable, and the roof was shingled. The windows opened on pivots, and those in the gabled ends had leadlight borders. The bell, sent from Scotland, was erected in January 1886.</p><br>
<p>In 1888 a small Sunday school hall, which later became a kindergarten, was built at the rear of the church. The northern half of the church transepts was added in 1899. In 1902 a pipe organ was installed, to which an electric blower was added in 1925.</p><br>
<p>In 1909, major alterations to the Mowbraytown church included completion of the second half of the transepts, construction of a new vestry, extension of the nave 3 metres toward the street, removal of the main doors from the sides to the front, and the addition of an entry porch. Later, two porches with side doors were added to the northern transept.</p><br>
<p>A larger Sunday school hall, adjacent to the church and facing Mowbray Terrace, was erected, on land acquired in 1904 from church elder Alexander Smith Lang.</p><br>
<p>Following the First World War an honour board and memorial pulpit were erected in the church. The building appears to have been re-roofed, with fibrous cement tiles similar to those on the hall. The exterior walls were clad and sprayed in 1966.</p><br>
<p>The leadlight windows at the front of the church were donated by Alexander Brown Wilson, who as church architect had designed the extensions and both halls. Wilson designed several other Presbyterian buildings in Brisbane, including extensions to the Ann Street Presbyterian Church. Following his father&#39;s retirement in 1928, Ronald Martin Wilson was appointed church architect.</p><br>
<p>The Mowbraytown Presbyterian Church has played a strong role in the spiritual and social life of East Brisbane. The hall has been the venue not only for church activities, but also for community concerts, ballet and gymnastics classes, meetings and seminars, dances, childrens play groups, and polling booths. Both the church and hall are local landmarks, and have featured prominently in heritage walking tours of East Brisbane organised by the Mowbraytown Residents Association.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Mowbraytown Presbyterian Church group consists of a church, with a small kindergarten room attached at the rear, and an adjacent hall to the east, which are located on a level corner site in East Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The single-storeyed timber church, with timber buttresses, has been clad with fibrous cement sheeting and sprayed with a rough finish concrete render. The building has a steep pitched gable roof, a twin gable transept, sprocketed eaves, asbestos cement tiles laid in a diamond pattern and a sheet metal spire surmounted by a cross over the south end of the nave. A small apse extends to the north with a vestry to the west and a store with a corrugated iron roof to the east. A timber kindergarten room, clad in the same material, with a steep pitch gable roof is attached to the north. The building has narrow lancet hopper windows, with leadlight panels to the nave and transept, concrete stumps to the perimeter and a timber and asbestos cement tile hood to the north nave round window.</p><br>
<p>The south entry, almost to the property boundary, has twin double timber doors with arched fanlights and an asbestos cement tile awning supported by paired timber brackets. The gable above has a triple lancet window with leadlight panels and an arched timber surround, a battened top panel and paired timber brackets.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the church has a diagonally boarded raked ceiling with scissor trusses and arched timber braces to the nave. Faceted timber columns and pointed arches separate the double gable transept which internally is divided into four gables. The building has tongue and groove walls above the dado with silky oak panelling below. A large pointed arch opens to the apse, which houses a large pipe organ, with a round leadlight window above, and a pointed arch door to the west opening to the vestry. The church has carved silky oak altar, pulpit, rail and high-backed chairs. The entry is separated from the nave by a timber screen and the timber pews appear original.</p><br>
<p>The hall is a single-storeyed timber building with a steep pitch gable roof with asbestos cement tiles laid in a diamond pattern, roof vents and terracotta ridges and front finial. The east and west sides have a lower pitch, and the front and rear sections have lower hips. The building has concrete stumps, weatherboard sheeting to balustrade height and chamferboard above, with twin centrally pivoted hopper windows and coloured glass fanlights.</p><br>
<p>The south entry, at footpath level at the property boundary, has a central gable entry with recessed folding double timber doors with a long narrow fanlight and decorative timber brackets and battens. The higher gable behind has a panel of four sash windows with coloured glass inserts and a timber battened panel above.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the hall has a diagonally boarded raked ceiling, a flat section with fretwork vents at the collar beam and metal ties to the top plate. The building has a timber floor, tongue and groove walls, raised stage and side partitions with double timber doors either side, and timber posts with arched brackets which separate the side aisles. The central entry has a room to either side, and the rear section has a kitchenette.</p><br>
<p>The property has a concrete post fence with spherical tops, iron gates and wire balustrade on Mowbray Terrace, and a timber and wire fence on Geelong Street.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Mowbraytown Presbyterian Church Group was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 22 October 1993 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Mowbraytown Presbyterian Church is important in demonstrating the pattern of growth of Presbyterianism in Brisbane in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The Mowbraytown Presbyterian Church Group, including the church and both halls, is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of an evolving late 19th/early 20th century suburban church group in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Mowbraytown Presbyterian Church Group is important in exhibiting a range of aesthetic characteristics valued by the Brisbane community and the church congregation, in particular the contribution of the buildings, in scale and form, to the Mowbray streetscape and East Brisbane townscape, the quality of the church interior, including the timber joinery, leadlight windows, furnishings, organ, memorials, decorations and inscriptions and the intactness and aesthetically cohesive nature of the group.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Mowbraytown Presbyterian Church Group has a special association with architect AB Wilson, and his contribution to Presbyterian church architecture in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>Ann Street Presbyterian Church is a heritage-listed church at 141 Ann Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1858 by Joshua Jeays, altered and extended in 1897 to a design by Alexander Brown Wilson with further extensions designed by Douglas Francis Woodcraft Roberts in 1936. The church was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first major contingent of Presbyterians to arrive in Queensland came as part of John Dunmore Lang&#39;s immigration scheme in the late 1840s. The first Presbyterian services were conducted in a house at Kangaroo Point until 1851 when a small timber church was opened at South Brisbane. For the benefit of North Brisbane residents, services were also conducted in the School of Arts building on the corner of Queen and Creek streets.</p><br>
<p>In 1854 the congregation purchased three allotments in Ann Street and four years later a simple stone building, erected by Joshua Jeays for a cost of £960, was opened and became known as the Ann Street Presbyterian Church. A fire on 21 December 1871 destroyed all but the stone walls of the church, and it was rebuilt in the following year.</p><br>
<p>In 1897 major alterations and additions were undertaken. Designed by Alexander Brown Wilson, the work included the addition of buttresses, double transepts, a basement, the construction of stone steps and fence at the front, plastering of the exterior, and the installation of a rose window in the front wall. Further work was undertaken to the interior in 1903 to accommodate and a new organ, and between 1903–14 a third transept was added.</p><br>
<p>In 1936 a two storeyed extension, adjoining the northern end of the transepts, was built. Designed by Douglas Francis Woodcraft Roberts it comprised hall and offices. As well as offices for the parish it also contained the central offices of the Presbyterian Church in Queensland. Buttressing was also added to either side of the front of the building to match that on the later transepts. This work was completed for a cost of £6,000.</p><br>
<p>During the mid 1960s, the future of the church was threatened when the Brisbane City Council sought to acquire the site as part of the redevelopment of King George Square. Church and community pressure, however, ensured the survival of the building, although the extension was subsumed in the construction of 145 Ann Street, King George Central.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Ann Street Presbyterian Church is a rendered stone and brick building set well above Ann Street and King George Square with an ornate render and cast iron wall and steps down to Ann Street. The roof, of ribbed galvanised iron, consists of a series of steeply pitched gables. The windows are generally tall lancets, with a few rounded-headed ones. The front elevation contains two portal doors inset within semi-circular arches with ogival mouldings and patterned decoration in the render, and a rose window above. The words "Ann St. Presbyterian Church" are set in render above the door.</p><br>
<p>Timber detailing, fittings and furnishings feature prominently in the interior. The ceiling comprises diagonal boarding with regularly spaced fretwork panels above exposed timber trusses. Broad timber arches are located along the side walls of the transepts. A timber screen divides the entrance porch from the main body of the church. The floor slopes gradually down from the entry to the communion table, elders court and pulpit. A large pipe organ dominates the eastern wall.</p><br>
<p>A two storeyed rendered masonry building which contains a hall and offices is attached to the church at the northern transept (demolished).</p><br>
<p>The 1936 hall and offices and the third transept of the church do not form part of the listing (demolished).</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Ann Street Presbyterian Church was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Ann Street Presbyterian Church is significant as one of the oldest churches still in use in Queensland, it is important in demonstrating the pattern of development of churches in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The building demonstrates the principal characteristics of the Presbyterian tradition as a church building, with a harmonious sequence of later additions.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The church is important in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics valued by the community including the quality and intactness of the interior of the church and the contribution the church makes to the townscape and to King George Square.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>As the site of continuous Presbyterian worship since 1858, the Ann Street Presbyterian Church has a strong and special association with the Presbyterian community for social, cultural and spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The church has a special association with architect Alexander Brown Wilson who was associated with the Presbyterian church.</p><br>
<p>The Kansas City Southern Depot is an historic train station, located at 400 Lake Charles Ave, in the City of DeQuincy in the USA state of Louisiana. The depot is currently home to the DeQuincy Railroad Museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Kansas City Southern Railroad completed a line from Shreveport to Lake Charles in 1897, that ran through and split in Dequincy, also going to Beaumont and Port Arthur, Texas. The community of DeQuincy was incorporated in 1903, and a new modern urban depot was built in 1923, of Mission Revival architecture. Urban deports of that time were larger, typically multi-story, and built with a recognizable architectural style, as opposed to the simpler board and batten structures found in villages. The DeQuincy depot is one of three such urban railroad stations still existing in Louisiana, the others are the Central Railroad Station in Shreveport, and the Texas and Pacific Railroad Depot in Bunkie. All three are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>DeQuincy hosts the annual Louisiana Railroad Days Festival, held on the museum grounds, on the second weekend in April, that includes the annual pageant, and Lorrie Morgan headlined the 2014 festival.</p><br>
<p>The Depot was added to the National Register of Historic Places in Calacasier Parish on September 22, 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Currently</h2><br>
<p>The train station was established as an historical museum in 1974 with railroad-related artifacts from the Kansas City Southern Railroad, Missouri Pacific, and the Union Pacific Railroads. As of August 20, 2013, Union Pacific presented DeQuincy Mayor Debra Smith a resolution awarding the town membership in the Train Town USA registry, celebrating 150 years, that thus far is only shared with Natchitoches, and Bunkie, in the state of Louisiana. The membership is reserved for towns and cities along the railroad with shared heritage.</p><br>
<p>The Wynne Wholesale Commercial Historic District encompasses a small collection of historic commercial properties in Wynne, Arkansas. It extends for two blocks along West Merriman Avenue, west of Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, and includes four historic buildings: the Wynne Municipal Water Works, the Wynne Wholesale Grocer Company building, the R. J. Jackson Gin Companys cotton gin, and the Sharp Floral Building. A fifth building, the Wynne Ice & Coal Companys ice house, also stands in the district, but has been recently modified. These building are representative of wholesale business activities that took place in Wynne in the first half of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Womans Progressive Club is a historic meeting hall at the southwest corner of Rowena Street and Merriman Avenue in Wynne, Arkansas. It is a single story brick structure, with a gable-on-hip roof. It was built in the 1930s with funding from the Works Progress Administration, and is a relatively ornate example of Colonial Revival architecture. The hall, whose interior largely consists of an auditorium with stage, was built for Cross Countys oldest social organization, the Woman&#39;s Progressive Club, which was founded in 1913. The hall has long been a local venue for public, private, and civic events, and is the finest performance space in the city.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Hubbard-Cotton Store is a historic commercial building on the corner of River Rd and Mountain View Ave, near its junction with 113 in the center of Hiram, Maine. Built c. 1850, it is locally notable as one of the only non-residential historic structures in the small town, and was operated for about 100 years by the Cotton family. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The store is a -story wood frame structure with a front-gable roof, which is clad in wooden clapboards and rests on a granite foundation. The main facade, roughly facing east, has an asymmetrical four-bay first level, with the main entrance in the bay left of center. The other bays on that level are occupied by sash windows with shallow triangular pediments. The second level has three evenly spaced windows, and within the gable there are two more levels, having two and one window respectively. A series of three additions, two of which appear to be 19th-century, extend the building to the rear.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the store has retained a significant number of original features, including exposed beams in the first-level store area.</p><br>
<p>The site of the store is known to have been used for commercial purposes since at least 1816. The property was acquired by John Hubbard in 1842, and the building&#39;s Greek Revival form suggests it was built by him, although it may have older elements. The Hubbard family operated the store until 1886, when it was sold to Lemuel Cotton. Members of the Cotton family ran the store until 1987. It was rescued from condemnation and demolition by a new owner in 2005, who began restoration of the property. That owner died before the restoration was completed.</p><br>
<p>Shemuel Kearney House was a historic plantation house located near Franklinton, Franklin County, North Carolina, formerly at 2555 USA Highway 1 south of town. In 2009, the house was dismantled and moved to nearby Louisburg for restoration as the original property was recently zoned by Franklin County for commercial use. Therefore, the building had to be relocated. The Shemuel Kearney House was reconstructed next to another historic residence, the Cooke House, on Peach Orchard Road in 2015.</p><br>
<p>Although the National Register of Historic Places lists the house as being built in 1790, it was actually constructed in 1759 by Shemuel Kearney (1734-1808) and is currently the second oldest residence in Franklin County after Cascine Plantation which was built in 1752. The home consists of a 1 1/2-story, three bay, gambrel roofed main block with a later one-story, gable roofed rear wing. It has a simple, robust Georgian style finish.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Hohe Derst is a hill, 561 metres above sea level, in the Palatine Forest of southwest Germany. It lies within the Wasgau regino and is the highest point of the Mundat Forest.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Hohe Derst is situated on the territory of the parishes of Böllenborn and Oberotterbach above the hamlet of Reisdorf, five kilometres east of the town of Bad Bergzabern. The Landesstraße 492 state road runs around the hill to a walkers&#39; car park.</p><br>
<h2>Structures</h2><br>
<p>A military radio-relay tower stands on the Hohe Derst near the Ritterstein marking the summit. It was originally used by the US Army (Central Army Group - CENTAG) and Air Force NATO, as part of the "Tiger" group of high-frequency radio line-of-sight sites. This was known as "Tiger 40", but they gave it up after the end of the Cold War. It continues to be used by the Bundeswehr.</p><br>
<p>A short way below the summit is a transmission site for the German broadcasters, Südwestrundfunk, which broadcasts analogue TV to much of the South Palatinate and the Wasgau and which will be switched off with the advent of DVB-T. There were plans to provide transmitters here to broadcast the Rhineland-Palatine programmes, SWR1 Rheinland-Pfalz and SWR4 Rheinland-Pfalz to this region, because they are not able to be received here, but these plans came to nothing.</p><br>
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<p>Cascine is a historic plantation complex and national historic district located near Louisburg, Franklin County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 12 contributing buildings, 4 contributing sites, and 3 contributing structures. The main house was built about 1850, and is a large two-story, Greek Revival style frame dwelling, in the manner of Jacob W. Holt, with Gothic Revival style influences. Also on the property is a small, one-story frame dwelling dated to about 1752. It was repaired and refurbished in the mid-20th century. Also on the property are the contributing brick kitchen, frame stable, granary, carriage house, family cemetery, slave cemetery, remains of slave quarters, tenant house, six log and frame tobacco barns, grist mill complex, and archaeological sites.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, with a boundary increase in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Speed Farm is a historic farm complex and national historic district located near Gupton, Franklin County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 14 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, and 5 contributing structures. The farmhouse was built about 1847 and remodelled to its current configuration in 1900. It is a two-story, three bay, I-house style frame dwelling. It has a gable roof and an almost full-width front porch. Also on the property are the contributing milk house , smokehouse , kitchen , family cemetery, and an agricultural complex with a granary, ram tower , barn , corn cribs, hog shed, tobacco grading building , five tobacco barns , and a tenant house .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Person–McGhee Farm is a historic farm complex located at 5631 USA Highway 1 in Franklinton, Franklin County, North Carolina, about 4 miles  north of town. The earliest section of the house was built sometime between 1770 and 1820, and is a three-bay, two-story frame dwelling over a stone-walled cellar. It has double shouldered brick end chimneys. In the 1890s, a large 2 1/2-story Queen Anne / Colonial Revival style section was added to the original Federal period dwelling. Also on the property are the contributing tenant house , a water tower, smokehouse, cattle barn, three log tobacco barns, and several sheds.</p><br>
<p>The farm was threatened during a wildfire which occurred on February 10, 2008. Two old sheds were destroyed, but the rest of the property was able to be saved.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Plough Inn is a heritage-listed hotel at South Bank Parklands, South Brisbane, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Alexander Brown Wilson and built in 1885 by contractor Abraham James. In 1922, it was extended to a design by George Henry Male Addison and Son and built by Robertson and Corbette. It is also known as Plough Inn Hotel. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This two-storeyed former hotel was constructed in 1885 for Brisbane publican Daniel Costigan. It replaced a previous, less substantial structure on the site, which had functioned as the Plough Inn since 1864. The new building was erected during South Brisbane&#39;s heyday and was part of the 1880s boom-time reconstruction of Stanley Street premises.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by architect Alexander Brown Wilson, who is more known for his domestic work. It was built by contractor Abraham James, whose tender of £3,300 was accepted in March 1885.</p><br>
<p>The hotel, prominently located in central Stanley Street, serviced the commercial heart of South Brisbane. Its proximity to the South Brisbane wharves ensured its popularity amongst those engaged in shipping interests.</p><br>
<p>Initially the L-shaped interior comprised on the ground floor: a central hall, staircase, dining room, two private rooms (probably for dining also), bar, parlour, storage spaces, billiard room and lavatories; the first floor contained fourteen guest rooms and a bathroom. A verandah along the back of the building connected it to a detached single-storey kitchen. A cellar completed the facilities.</p><br>
<p>The building has been altered a number of times since its initial construction. In 1922, additions were made by contractors Robertson and Corbette, following the designs of George Henry Male Addison and Son. It is thought that the street awning was added at this time.</p><br>
<p>In 1987 the building was modified to function as a tavern during Expo &#39;88. Most of the internal walls were removed, the central fireplace and chimney were taken out, and the interior was re-fitted. Also the front verandah was widened, the rear verandah extended, and windows and doors replaced at this time.</p><br>
<p>In 1991-92 a conservation plan for the Plough Inn was prepared by Bruce Buchanan architects, and the interior was fully refurbished. The front verandah was also reconstructed.</p><br>
<p>The Plough Inn now operates as a Southbank hotel.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Plough Inn is a two-storeyed rendered masonry building with front and rear verandahs, and a single-storeyed service building to the rear. It has a picturesque front facade which is a remnant of a former streetscape.</p><br>
<p>The hotel has an L-shaped plan; the rectangular service building is attached via the rear verandah.</p><br>
<p>The front facade is richly detailed, while other elevations are more perfunctory. The front facade has three bays, expressed with rusticated pilasters and parapet decoration comprising pediments either end and a central name plaque. The pediments are flanked by acroteria, and the plaque is inscribed with the words PLOUGH INN. The pediments and plaques are connected by a miniature balustrade, and rest on a deep cornice with dentils, separated by another band of decoration from a second cornice.</p><br>
<p>Whilst little remains of the original hotel internally, the Plough Inn retains its external envelope and overall form.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Plough Inn was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The picturesque front facade in particular, along with the nearby Allgas Building facade, survives as a fragment of the former streetscape of Stanley Street, South Brisbane&#39;s principal commercial thoroughfare in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Plough Inn is significant historically as a rare surviving remnant of the commercial and shipping heart of South Brisbane in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The picturesque front facade in particular, along with the nearby Allgas Building facade, survives as a fragment of the former streetscape of Stanley Street, South Brisbane&#39;s principal commercial thoroughfare in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong association with the work of prominent Brisbane architect Alexander Brown Wilson.</p><br>
<p>Allgas Building is a heritage-listed commercial building at South Bank Parklands, South Brisbane, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1885. It is also known as Caledonian House, Queensland National Bank, South Brisbane Gas & Light Co. Building and All Gas House. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Allgas Building, a two-storeyed building in what was formerly central Stanley Street, was erected in 1885 for the drapery and outfitting firm of Allan & Stark. It was built during the peak of South Brisbane commercial development and the reconstruction of Stanley Street premises, and was a reflection of boom era confidence.</p><br>
<p>Along with a number of prominent South Brisbane firms, Allan & Stark moved across the river to higher ground (the Allan and Stark Building in Queen Street) after the disastrous floods of 1893. Caledonian House was leased to the Queensland National Bank as a branch office (301 Stanley Street) in August 1897, and the South Brisbane Gas & Light Company sub-leased a section (305 Stanley Street) from October 1897.</p><br>
<p>In 1909 the Queensland National Bank purchased the building for £2,500, with the South Brisbane Gas & Light Company maintaining its office and showroom there.</p><br>
<p>Alterations, including changes to the street frontage, were carried out in 1931 under architects Hall and Phillips, and included the erection of an awning and alterations to the shop front. The building was again extended in 1942.</p><br>
<p>In 1943 the branch was closed as a war time economy, and 301 Stanley Street was leased to shirt and pyjama manufacturer Alfred Portrate until 1949.</p><br>
<p>The corner premises were reoccupied by maintenance staff of the National Bank of Australasia (formerly the Queensland National Bank) in 1949. In 1965 it was purchased by the South Brisbane Gas & Light Company (Allgas Energy from 1971).</p><br>
<p>In 1984 the building was resumed by the Expo Authority, renamed Central House, and functioned once again as a bank during World Expo &#39;88. It also housed the Picasso Restaurant.</p><br>
<p>The building was again refurbished in 1991 as part of the Southbank Parklands redevelopment, and now operates as an administration centre.</p><br>
<p>Little remains of the original interior of the building. Externally, the northern facade remains intact above ground floor; the ground floor facade has been modified a number of times throughout the life of the building. New openings have been made to other facades.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Allgas building is a two-storeyed rendered masonry building with a parapeted facade and a simple rectangular plan. It has a picturesque front facade which is a remnant of a former streetscape.</p><br>
<p>The northern facade above the ground floor and its western corner is richly decorated. It has a deep string course separating ground and first floors, and a deep cornice topped by pediments and a miniature balustrade. The elevation has bays of three windows with rusticated surrounds, which align with the pediments and console brackets under the cornice. Paired windows are flanked with fluted pilasters with floriated capitals. At what was once the western street corner, the facade is truncated above ground floor level, and is topped with an arched pediment inscribed with the date 1885.</p><br>
<p>Whilst little remains of the original building internally, the Allgas Building retains its overall external form and the rich decorative detailing of the northern facade.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Allgas Building was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The picturesque front facade in particular, along with the nearby Plough Inn facade, survives as a fragment of the former streetscape of Stanley Street, South Brisbane&#39;s principal commercial thoroughfare in the late 19th century. It is also significant historically as a rare surviving remnant of the commercial and shipping heart of South Brisbane in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>It is also significant historically as a rare surviving remnant of the commercial and shipping heart of South Brisbane in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The picturesque front facade in particular, along with the nearby Plough Inn facade, survives as a fragment of the former streetscape of Stanley Street, South Brisbane&#39;s principal commercial thoroughfare in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Allgas Building at South Brisbane has a strong association with the early years of Allan & Stark, formerly one of Brisbane&#39;s most prominent retailing firms.</p><br>
<p>Broadhurst is a heritage-listed detached house at 138 Flinders Parade, Sandgate, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from to. It is also known as Broadhurst, Convalescent Home, and Sandgate Home-Maternal and Child Welfare Service. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 29 September 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This single-storeyed timber building was erected by the turn of the century, at which time it was known as "Broadhurst", and was the residence of Hugh McCall Hicks, and his wife Florence. Hicks was the General Manager of Perkins and Co. Ltd in Brisbane, and is recorded as living at Sandgate from the mid 1890s.</p><br>
<p>Sandgate began development in the 1860s, particularly for those who could afford private transport and holiday residences. With the extension of the railway from Brisbane to Sandgate in 1882, the permanent population grew, and weekend holiday-makers turned the township into a bustling seaside resort. The town of Sandgate was geographically divided into two areas, comprising the Upper Esplanade which included the area around Shorncliffe and Moora Park, and the Lower Esplanade which included Flinders Parade and Brighton. By the early twentieth century substantial buildings had been erected along the western (land) side of Flinders Parade, including Cremorne, built by the McCallum family, Meridian with its private bowling green, Broadhurst, and other substantial houses which overlooked Bramble Bay.</p><br>
<p>The allotments on Section 5A in the town of Sandgate were auctioned in October 1882. Allotments 4 and 5, on which the building appears to have been erected, were acquired by William Stevens and Joseph Baynes respectively. In 1890, the two allotments were acquired by Brisbane builder and contractor, John Irwen Balls. As this was the first time that allotments 4 and 5 were jointly owned, it is likely that the building was erected after 1890.</p><br>
<p>Balls was declared insolvent in 1892, and his estate, which included the land at Sandgate as well as land at South Brisbane and Indooroopilly, was transferred to the Royal Bank of Queensland.</p><br>
<p>In early 1900, Hicks and his wife acquired half of allotment 4 adjacent to allotment 5, allotment 5, and land at the rear of the two allotments. A photograph of Broadhurst, the residence of Mr HM Hicks appeared in the Queenslander in May 1901.</p><br>
<p>In July 1901, members of the Brisbane Hospital Committee visited Hicks residence, which was adjacent to the premises being rented for use as a convalescent home at that time. The Committee had maintained a convalescent home in rented premises at Sandgate from 1885. By 1901, the Committee were looking to acquire its own property, and in late 1901, Hicks formal offer of the property for £1250 was accepted by the Committee. Alterations were undertaken to make the building suitable for use as a convalescent home, and the first transfer of convalescent patients to the home took place in December 1901. The alterations were designed by DF Brown, House Steward. James Stodart, a Brisbane businessman and Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly for Logan, was chairman and treasurer of the Committee at this time.</p><br>
<p>An inspection of the new convalescent home by members of the Hospital Committee, politicians, the Mayor of Sandgate, the Medical Superintendent of the Brisbane General Hospital, Hicks and others, took place in March 1902. Speeches given as part of the inspection referred to the benefits, both medical and economic, of the Sandgate home, and unbounded satisfaction with the home was expressed by the Committee. In the Annual Report of the Brisbane Hospital for 1910, the home was described as a valuable outwork of the Hospital...providing rest, nourishment and comfort during the days of convalescence of many of the patients. Nurses worked at the convalescent home as part of their general hospital training, and the recollections of a former nurse record that as a first year trainee, she was the only nurse at the home together with the Matron, and that she was shown how to do dressings and other work which was not normally done until the second year of training.</p><br>
<p>The title for the land which had been transferred to Stodart, JD Campbell and SW Brooks in 1902, was subsequently transferred to the Brisbane and South Coast Hospitals Board in 1924.</p><br>
<p>The convalescent home was closed in 1942, and in 1943 the property was transferred to the Crown for Maternal and Child Welfare purposes. Allotment 6, immediately to the north west of the convalescent home had remained in private ownership until 1918, at which time it was transferred to the Crown, and was later included in the Maternal and Child Welfare reserve. On subsequent plans, the building located on allotment 6 is indicated as a Nurses home.</p><br>
<p>In March 1944, the "Sandgate Home" was opened by the Maternal and Child Welfare Section of the Department of Health, as a home for the admission of children whose mothers have been taken seriously ill and for whose care no other suitable arrangements can be made. The opening of the Home represented an expansion of the work of the Section. It is also possible that the buildings were utilised for children as part of the scheme developed to assist "Bush Children".</p><br>
<p>Quarters for the nursing staff were altered and enlarged during the late 1940s, and new buildings added to the site during the mid 1950s included dining and recreation rooms, these buildings were demolished in June 1997.</p><br>
<p>From 1983 the property was used by the Intellectual Disability Services section, initially located within the Department of Health and later within the Department of Family Services. The Sandgate Centre provided both long and short term residential care for intellectually challenged children, and a family respite centre. By the early 1990s, the Centre was considered to be outdated in terms of its use as a residential facility, and was closed in April 1994.</p><br>
<p>The property was acquired by the Department of Housing, Local Government and Planning in July 1994.</p><br>
<p>In 2016, it is occupied by a personal development organisation.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Broadhurst, located fronting Bramble Bay and a foreshore reserve to the northeast, is a single-storeyed timber building with a hipped corrugated iron roof. The building has timber and concrete stumps with timber batten infill and steel posts. Wide verandahs on three sides have been enclosed with fibrous cement sheeting and casement windows, and a projecting bay section is located on the northwest. Sections of original cast iron balustrade and chamfered timber posts are visible on the northwest.</p><br>
<p>The central northeast entry is surmounted by a small gable with a fretwork panel and is accessed via a twin stair to a landing. The rear of the building has an enclosed verandah on the southeast, which is narrower than the others, and a weatherboard enclosed landing, which is a later addition, at the rear of a brick chimney stack. The sub-floor space is mostly concreted, with a masonry room at the rear which is used as a workshop.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the building has a wider front section containing major rooms, with a narrower rear section containing service rooms with lower ceilings. A wide central hallway from the main entry to the rear has rooms opening to either side, with the rear section being slightly narrower and with lower ceilings and less detailing.</p><br>
<p>The main entry has a timber panelled door with sidelights and fanlight, some of which retain leadlight panels. The front hallway has vertical timber boarding with exposed framing which has shaped edge detailing, deep timber skirtings and boarded ceilings with timber frame patterning. A timber arch is located mid-way in the front section, and consists of two ionic timber columns on timber bases supporting an entablature with a deep cornice, above which springs an arch with timber batten infill with turned details. A second arch is located separating the front section of the hallway from the rear, and has pronounced timber imposts, extrados and keystone. The rear of the hallway has a panelled timber door with sidelights and fanlight with leadlight panels, leading to the rear landing.</p><br>
<p>In the front section, panelled timber doors with fanlights open off the hallway. The two main rooms on the northwest have bays with sash windows and are separated by a double sided fireplace with timber surrounds. Partition walls either side of the fireplace have been removed. These rooms have boarded ceilings with timber frame patterning, vertically boarded walls and timber skirtings. Step-out sash windows open to the northeast and French doors open to the southeast. The southeast side of the front section consists of one long room, the original dividing walls having been removed. A head height partition screen with fixed glazing and central doors divides the space, and a kitchenette is located in the southern corner. The verandah space has single-skin vertically boarded walls, and is lined with fibrous cement sheeting.</p><br>
<p>The rear section of the building has French doors and deep chamferboards to the southeast enclosed verandah. A former kitchen with masonry fireplace is located at the rear, and a room with built-in timber cupboards is adjacent. Store rooms and a kitchen are located across the hallway on the northwest.</p><br>
<p>The grounds contain a number of mature trees, including a group of three camphor laurels to the southwest, and an adjacent poinciana to the west.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Broadhurst was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 29 September 1997 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Erected in the late nineteenth century for a Brisbane businessman, and as one of a number of substantial residences located at Sandgate overlooking Bramble Bay, the former residence demonstrates the desirability of Sandgate, in particular Flinders Parade, as a residential location from this time.</p><br>
<p>From its opening in 1901 as a convalescent home for the Brisbane Hospital, until its closure as a centre for intellectually challenged persons in 1994, by which time the centre was considered to provide an outdated form of institutional accommodation, the building is associated with the development of institutional residential care during the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>This substantial former residence contains large and highly decorative interior spaces which exhibit high quality of workmanship, materials and climatic design.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>This substantial former residence contains large and highly decorative interior spaces which exhibit high quality of workmanship, materials and climatic design. Although the verandahs have been enclosed, evidence of original detailing and materials exists which suggest the visual contribution this building once made to the Sandgate foreshore.</p><br>
<p>The Patrick Hull House is a historic residence in rural Carroll County, Ohio, United States, near the community of Oneida. Constructed in the 1830s for a leading resident of the area, it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>George and Patrick Hull were natives of Oneida County, New York who settled in present-day Carroll County in 1834. Soon after purchasing land along Sand Creek in present-day Brown Township, they contracted with local lumber-mill owner Henry Bever to construct a large gristmill on the creek to grind buckwheat. As no other buckwheat mills were located nearby, a community grew up around the mill, and the brothers named the new locality "Oneida" after their native county. As the community miller and landowner, Patrick Hull quickly became a local dignitary, and by 1837, he was ready to live in a house larger than those of his neighbors. Construction of the house was again the responsibility of Bever, and the finished house demonstrates the influence of both parties. On one hand, the house features elements of the popular Greek Revival style of architecture. However, the design is significantly different from the cultured Greek Revival buildings seen farther east, and Bever&#39;s modifications of the style clearly demonstrate the necessity of interpreting the style for local needs.</p><br>
<p>The house itself is a weatherboarded structure two stories tall. Different sections of the house have different roof styles: the east-facing front rises to a gable, five bays wide on the first story and three on the second, while a projection on the southern side is covered with a hip roof. Porches shelter parts of the front and southern sides, and numerous shuttered windows, many six-over-six, are placed throughout the facade. The main entrance pierces the gabled front section; situated in the central bay of the first story, it is surrounded by sidelights and a transom light. Components of the facade demonstrate both the Greek Revival origins of the design and its vernacular interpretation: fluted columns in the Doric order support the porch roof, but the bottom section of the gable&#39;s pediment is interrupted by all three second-story windows.</p><br>
<p>Shortly before Christmas 1982, the Patrick Hull House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places; it qualified because of its place in local history, because it was a rare surviving example of the houses of wealthy men of the period and because it represented the combined influences of high-style architecture and rustic needs. The Hull House is one of eleven National Register-listed sites countywide.</p><br>
<p>Doggetts Cottage is a heritage-listed cottage at 33 Arthur Street, Fortitude Valley, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built by Harry Doggett. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This single-storeyed brick house was built about 1880 by Harry Doggett, bricklayer and builder, as his family home. Doggett was active in civic affairs and was elected mayor of the Town of Brisbane in 1913.</p><br>
<p>Although he died in 1927, the house remained in the family until the 1970s. From 1983 to 1988 it was used as offices for the Martin Agency who carried out alterations. The roofspace was opened up and a new kitchen and bathroom were installed on the verandah. The stables were also enlarged. The property has now returned to its original use as a family home.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Built on tuff foundations, Doggetts Cottage is a four-roomed single-storeyed brick house with a detached kitchen wing at the rear. It has a steeply pitched gable roof of corrugated iron.</p><br>
<p>The convex roofed verandahs across the front and back have square timber posts and stick balusters. The exterior walls exhibit fine brickwork and decorative features such as a string course below the eaves in diagonally laid bricks.</p><br>
<p>The interior consists of four main rooms and a new kitchen and bathroom on what was the rear verandah leading to the kitchen wing, which is now used for other purposes. Internal walls and ceilings are plastered and the original cedar joinery includes a mantelpiece. A modern staircase leads to the attic in the roof space.</p><br>
<p>The original timber stables are located along the rear fence line and two wells can be found in the back yard.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Doggetts Cottage was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>As being typical of houses built by artisans as their own home, demonstrating both the skill of the master builder and pride in his craft.</p><br>
<p>For the high quality materials, workmanship and decorative detailing evident throughout, enhancing its cottage character.</p><br>
<p>For the surviving stables, wells and kitchen wing which combine to provide a rare glimpse of a tradesman&#39;s domestic environment in the late nineteenth century.</p><br>
<p>As the family home Mayor Doggett after whom the neighbouring street was named.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>For the surviving stables, wells and kitchen wing which combine to provide a rare glimpse of a tradesman&#39;s domestic environment in the late nineteenth century.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>As being typical of houses built by artisans as their own home, demonstrating both the skill of the master builder and pride in his craft.</p><br>
<p>For the high quality materials, workmanship and decorative detailing evident throughout, enhancing its cottage character.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>For the high quality materials, workmanship and decorative detailing evident throughout, enhancing its cottage character.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>As the family home of Mayor Doggett after whom the neighbouring street was named.</p><br>
<p>The Van Horn Building is a historic commercial building on the public square in central Carrollton, Ohio, United States. Constructed in the 1820s and greatly modified fifty years later, it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>James Sinclair bought land on the northwestern quadrant of Carrolltons public square in 1828. Although he began to erect the present building in the following year, construction proceeded slowly; the resulting structure did not open for business until 1842. By this time, the location had grown in importance: Carrollton had recently become the county seat of the newly created Carroll County, so residents of surrounding villages and townships had recently begun visiting on governmental and commercial business, while roads to cities such as Cleveland and Canton ran in front of Sinclairs property. The building was acquired in 1876 by Daniel Van Horn, who quickly discovered it to be too small for his needs and agreed with local contractor John Byder to expand his premises. The agreed construction was completed by the end of the year, and the old two-story building now rose three stories into the sky.</p><br>
<p>Built of brick on a brick foundation, the Van Horn Building is covered with an asphalt roof and features decorative elements of wood and terracotta. Since the renovations of the 1870s, the building has possessed an Italianate appearance, with keystoned terracotta hood molds over the arched windows, large eaves under the overhanging roof, and a terracotta frieze placed under the eaves with supporting wooden modillions.</p><br>
<p>In 1987, the Van Horn Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its historically significant architecture; it is Carrollton&#39;s oldest commercial building of its size, and it has experienced few changes since it was given the Italianate appearance. It is one of eleven National Register-listed locations in Carroll County; two of the others, the Carroll County Courthouse and the Daniel McCook House, are located on the public square within sight of the Van Horn Building.</p><br>
<p>Queensland Primary Producers No 4 Woolstore is a heritage-listed warehouse at 16 Skyring Terrace, Teneriffe, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1930s to 1940s. It is also known as Commercial House. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site was alienated by settler Daniel Skyring in 1845 and subdivided amongst his sons in 1882; hence the name when the Skyring Road Act resumed some of the land in 1884. In about 1907 Frederic Emile Sturmfels started his own woolbroking and stock and station agency at Oxley and Sturmfels Ltd began acquiring land at Teneriffe. By 1910 the company had erected a woolstore on the corner of Skyring Terrace and Helen Street.</p><br>
<p>More land was acquired in 1927 and the firm changed its name in 1932 to Sturmfels Primary Producers Co-operative Association Ltd. Stage 1 of the existing woolstore was built on the corner of Skyring Terrace and Commercial Road by 1937. Stage 3 replaced the original Sturmfels woolstore and was built after Sturmfels Primary Producers Co-operative Agency Ltd amalgamated with Queensland Primary Producers Co-operative Association Ltd in 1941.</p><br>
<p>On the opposite side of Helen Street was one of the most distinctive of the associated woolstores, Primary Producers No 1. Primaries No 2, 5, 6 and 7 were in Commercial Road and Helen Street. In 1976 the No 4 woolstore was transferred to Oxlade Investments. Renamed Commercial House, it was acquired to store cars "at grass" and became the head office for the Mayfairs group of companies which owns five other woolstores (Australian Estates No. 1 Store, Australian Estates No. 2 Store, Elder Smith Woolstore, Goldsbrough Mort Woolstore, Winchcombe Carson Woolstores). All of these properties are zoned in the Brisbane City Council&#39;s Teneriffe Development Plan (1986) for a mixture of residential, commercial, light industrial, service and tourist recreation purposes.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Queensland Primary Producers Cooperative Association No 4 Woolstore, formerly Sturmfels Primary Co-operative Association Ltd, is a three-storey brick and timber warehouse which was mostly built during the 1930s. Though developed in three stages, the first and last stage being along the curved frontage, the design is quite cohesive. This was achieved by working around the initial structure which was then pulled down and the interior rebuilt. Constructed largely of variegated reddish toned bricks in a restrained Art Deco style, it implements the common tripartite division of base, shaft and entablature in its functional form.</p><br>
<p>One third of the way along from Commercial Road is a slightly projecting mock tower with a small stepped pediment, which in addition to the long window openings and box downpipes, provides a degree of verticality. Nevertheless, the overwhelming emphasis is horizontal, mainly due to a series of strikingly rendered bands - wide ones delineating each floor above a row of windows, narrow ones beneath each row, and three narrow bands separating the inscribed company name across the broad stepped parapet. The upper levels are distinguished from the ground floor base line by darker bricks, but more so by the straight awning which shelters the railway siding and loading bays with their steel protective plates and inground tracks. Whereas stages 1 and 2 use Queensland hardwood for joists and beams, stage 3 employs Oregon. The former external double-brick wall delimits stages 1 and 3 on the ground and first floors, while the top showroom floor is one vast expanse with a forest of tubular metal poles. The showroom also has square vents with timber louvers beneath the windows, and the customary sawtooth roof aligned from east to west for optimum lighting. This floor never contained a diningroom, as the Primaries No 1 store provided this facility for clients next door. Nevertheless, it was equipped with the usual array of bale elevators and wool chutes.</p><br>
<p>The original office area was on the second floor of stage 1. Today much of the ground and first floors have been converted into modern offices by Mayfairs. They use the main entrance near the Commercial Road end. However, a grand foyer, exposing the Oregon posts of stage 3, with a modern timber staircase and commissioned paintings of pastoral scenes, has been created in the centre of the building.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Queensland Primary Producers No 4 Woolstore (Commercial House) was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Queensland Primary Producers No 4 woolstore is most significant in its own right and for its heritage contribution to the Teneriffe precinct. It reflects important developments, technological features and marketing procedures in Queensland&#39;s wool industry since the late 1930s as well as the history of commerce along the Brisbane River and of the pastoral companies concerned.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>In form and fabric, this structure is an excellent example of the broad class of brick and timber woolstores which were built in Australian ports, to serve the wool industry.</p><br>
<p>In keeping with other woolstores of similar vintage (e.g. Goldsbrough Mort Woolstore), this illustrates particularly well the 1930s stage of development in an industrial process and associated building form which is now redundant; it is also the site of one of the earliest Teneriffe woolstores, and one of two stores formerly owned by the only remaining Queensland pastoral house.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>This structure also has considerable visual impact due to its substantial form and Interwar Art Deco style, which is unique amongst Teneriffe woolstores.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>That this store, with its significant pastoral and business connections, is a valued asset and a local landmark, has been recognised by its inclusion in the Teneriffe Development Plan.</p><br>
<p>Goldsbrough Mort Woolstore is a heritage-listed warehouse at 88 Macquarie Street, Teneriffe, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built by Stuart Brothers . It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site was part of the Teneriffe hillside alienated in 1854 by James Gibbon, a prominent local resident, land investor and later member of the Queensland Legislative Council. Subsequent landowners include the Financial Guarantee & Agency Co. of Queensland Ltd and the Brisbane Stevedoring & Wool Dumping Co. Ltd. Goldsbrough Mort, a prosperous southern-based pastoral house (est. 1888), opened its first Queensland office in Rockhampton, followed by Brisbane in the early 1910s.</p><br>
<p>The Teneriffe property of 1 acre 3 roods (7,000 square metres) was purchased in 1922. For about £17,000 the Stuart Brothers built this small woolstore, the first known structure on this site, thereby taking advantage of the 1933 buoyant wool prices and labour market following the depths of the great depression. Beeston Street, which separates the Goldsbrough Mort and Elder Smith stores, had been put through in 1927 and named after Joseph Beeston, the longstanding company secretary of Dath Henderson & Co. Ltd earlier in the century.</p><br>
<p>The property was acquired by Elders in 1963 and by Oxlade Investments, of the Mayfairs group of companies, in 1984. Elders leased the whole of the building in 1985 and used the ground floor for offices and their rural merchandise store. The third level was used for wool sorting by Brisbane Classing Facilities. The ground floor office is currently occupied by Chevron Discount Furnishers and part of the first floor is rented for the storage of office records. The property is zoned in the Brisbane City Council&#39;s Teneriffe Development Plan (1986) for residential or market retail purposes.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Goldsbrough Mort & Co. Ltd No 2 woolstore is a four-storey brick and timber structure with a symmetrical facade and restrained decoration. The northern end is built into the steep Teneriffe hillside. Constructed during the Interwar era, its recessed central section is separated by slightly projecting bays on either side. In keeping with other woolstores and commercial buildings of this period, a tripartite division of base, shaft and entablature is apparent in its functional form.</p><br>
<p>The store&#39;s projecting frontal bays, red brick piers and triple window openings separated by downpipes provide a degree of verticality. Nevertheless, the dominant emphasis above and below the upper floors is horizontal. This is achieved by means of a strong cornice line, which is surmounted by brick bands and a rendered frieze displaying the company name and construction date between moulded merino sheep heads. This is topped by an emphatic parapet with notched and curved gable pediments as well as flagpoles above the projecting bays. The upper levels are distinguished from the ground floor base line by a straight corrugated iron awning supported by iron rods which shelters the railway siding and loading bays.</p><br>
<p>Though the main entrance is at the southern end near Beeston Street, a second ornate entrance in the righthand front bay has Greek columns and steps that lead through multi-panelled central-opening doors to office accommodation. Since the load born by each ascending floor lessens, so do the supporting walls, piers and corbels. As usual the ground floor is concreted and wool bale storage modules on the first two levels are defined by solid timber posts and beams.</p><br>
<p>Tubular steel posts are employed on the third level, while the top floor utilised steel ties to truss the vertical section of the sawtooth roof, thereby achieving a span of 30 metres which required only a central row of steel columns. The showroom also has square vents with timber louvers beneath the windows, and the customary sawtooth roof aligned from east to west for optimum lighting.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Goldsbrough Mort Woolstore was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Goldsbrough Mort woolstore is most significant in its own right and for its heritage contribution to the Teneriffe precinct. It reflects important developments, technological features and marketing procedures in Queensland&#39;s wool industry since the 1930s as well as the history of commerce along the Brisbane River and of the pastoral companies concerned.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>In keeping with other woolstores of similar vintage (e.g. Queensland Primary Producers No 4 Woolstore), this illustrates particularly well the 1930s stage of development in an industrial process which is now redundant; it is also the only remaining Goldsbrough Mort woolstore in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>In form and fabric, this structure is an excellent example of the broad class of brick and timber woolstores which were built in Australian ports, including Teneriffe, to serve the wool industry.</p><br>
<p>In keeping with other woolstores of similar vintage (e.g. Queensland Primary Producers No 4 Woolstore), this illustrates particularly well the 1930s stage of development in an industrial process which is now redundant; it is also the only remaining Goldsbrough Mort woolstore in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>This structure also has considerable visual impact due to its substantial form and attractive Interwar design, especially its balanced pedimented bays.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>That this woolstore, with its significant pastoral and business connections, is a valued asset and a local landmark, has been recognised by its inclusion in the Teneriffe Development Plan.</p><br>
<p>Australian Estates No.1 Store is a heritage-listed former warehouse and now apartments at 50 Macquarie Street, Teneriffe, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Montague Stanley and built from to 1927 by Stuart Brothers . It is now known as the Saratoga Woolstore Apartments. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Part of the site (lot 3) of the Australian Estates No 1 woolstore was purchased originally in 1847 by the Government Resident, Captain John Clements Wickham. The property passed through the hands of several important companies, namely the Brisbane Stevedoring & Wool Dumping Co. Ltd by 1907, Moreheads Ltd in 1914 and the Union Trustee Co. of Australia until 1961, when it was acquired by Australian Estates.</p><br>
<p>The other part (lot 4) was purchased by the Financial Guarantee & Agency Co. of Queensland in 1888, and acquired by the Australian Estate & Mortgage Co. by 1926. The design was by Montague Talbot Stanley, a Queensland architect and structural engineer, with the construction by the Stuart Bros of Sydney.</p><br>
<p>When officially opened in 1927 by the Duke and Duchess of York, this woolstore had the largest showroom in Australia, being capable of displaying 24,000 bales. For this reason it was the venue for the vice-regal Ball in honour of the Duke of Gloucester in 1934. In 1978 the property was acquired by Service Nominees (Qld) Pty Ltd, which belongs to the Mayfairs group of companies, and leased in 1980 to Chevron Discount Furnishers for bulk storage and furniture display.</p><br>
<p>Later it became part of the Wool Store furniture complex in conjunction with the adjacent Elder Smith Woolstore and Australian Estates No. 2 Store. In 1986, this property was zoned in the Brisbane City Council&#39;s Teneriffe Development Plan (1986) for continuation of current usage or residential. In 2003, the building had been converted into the Saratoga Apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Australian Estates Co. Ltd No 1 Woolstore with 4.5 acres (1.98 hectares) of floor space is the largest single store in the Teneriffe precinct. It is a three-storey brick and timber structure of the Interwar era with restrained Renaissance detail. In keeping with other woolstores and commercial buildings of this period, a tripartite division of base, shaft and entablature is apparent in its functional form.</p><br>
<p>Its red brick piers and triple window openings separated by downpipes provide a strong degree of verticality. Nevertheless, the dominant emphasis above and below the upper floors is horizontal. This is achieved by means of a cornice line surmounted by a rendered frieze displaying the company name and "erected 1926", and a parapet of decorative brickwork. A prominent string course separates upper levels from the ground floor. However, the base of this building is distinguished more by its piers and openings which provide a covered way for the railway line and loading bays beneath a wide frontal projection. Its angular appearance is ameliorated by a curved and columned entrance porch and balcony which protrude from the southern corner.</p><br>
<p>As usual for woolstores in Teneriffe, the ground floor is concreted, while the upper floors employ timber posts, beams and flooring and the roof of this building is of corrugated asbestos and reinforced glass. To ensure sufficient level ground for the construction of this store, extensive excavations were carried out and a 64 feet (19.5 metres) high retaining wall of reinforced concrete constructed. Rather than a rear awning for road transport, there is a tunnel running under through the width of the building reducing the ground floor area by 20,000 square feet (1,800 square metres). Inside the front entrance are a passenger elevator and timber stairs providing access to other floors. The second floor includes the usual woolstore offices and client facilities constructed of tongue and groove timber surmounted by opaque glass panels. The showroom on the top floor has square vents with timber louvers beneath the windows, and the customary sawtooth roof which is supported by three rows of tubular metal columns and is aligned from east to west for optimum lighting. Fire protection was provided from the beginning by a complete system of fire alarms. Overhead walkways from Level 2 form a link to the Australian Estates No. 2 Store on the south and Elder Smith Woolstore on the north.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Australian Estates No.1 Store was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Australian Estates No 1 woolstore is most significant in its own right and for its heritage contribution to the Teneriffe precinct. It reflects important developments, technological features and marketing procedures in Queensland&#39;s wool industry since the 1920s as well as the history of quayage along the Brisbane River and of the pastoral companies concerned.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>In form and fabric, this structure is an excellent example of the broad class of brick and timber woolstores which were built in Australian ports, including Teneriffe, to serve the wool industry.</p><br>
<p>In company with two other woolstores of similar vintage (Mactaggarts Woolstore, Elder Smith Woolstore), it illustrates particularly well the 1920s stage of development in an industrial process which is now redundant.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>This Interwar structure also has considerable visual impact due to its substantial form, cohesive design and Renaissance detail, particularly the decorative parapet, frontal colonnade and covered railway siding.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.</p><br>
<p>Its special combination of function and style was achieved by Montague Talbot Stanley, who was a fellow of the Queensland Institute of Architects by 1900 and the son of Francis Drummond Greville Stanley. He was also architect for the adjacent Elder Smith Woolstore.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>That this woolstore, with its links to important pastoral companies and royal occasions, is a valued asset and a riverside landmark, has been recognised by its inclusion in the Teneriffe Development Plan.</p><br>
<p>Australian Estates No. 2 Store is a heritage-listed former warehouse and now apartments at 24 Macquarie Street, Teneriffe, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Australian Estates purchased most of the homes on the site between 1955 and 1959. With the advent of their modern woolstore, the company utilised the top floor as their main showroom rather than their adjacent 1920s building (Australian Estates No. 1 Store). In 1978 the property was sold to Service Nominees, one of the Mayfairs group of companies, which leased the floors to various tenants.</p><br>
<p>In 1986, the Brisbane City Council&#39;s Development Plan (1986) zoned the building to enable residential use. By 2014, the building had been converted to apartments, including an additional floor of apartments by removing the original roof.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Australian Estates Co. Ltd No 2 Woolstore, which is built into the side of Teneriffe Hill, comprises four floors, in two sections with expansion joins to allow for climatic changes. It was erected during the Postwar era and is International in architectural style. Several features suggest significant deviations in woolstore design and construction during this last phase of development at Teneriffe.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Australian Estates No.2 Store was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Australian Estates No 2 woolstore is most significant in its own right and for its heritage contribution to the Teneriffe precinct. It reflects important developments, technological features and marketing procedures in Queenslands wool industry, as well as the history of commerce along the Brisbane River and of the pastoral company concerned. Built at the end of the affluent fifties when wool prices were high and Australia rode on the sheeps back, the company showed confidence in the economic future.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>In form and fabric, this structure is a rare example of the broad class of brick, concrete and steel woolstores which were built in Australian ports, including Teneriffe, to serve the wool industry after the war; it was also the last of the labour-intensive, multi-storeyed woolstores in Australia.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>In keeping with one other woolstore of similar vintage (Teneriffe Village), this illustrates particularly well the final postwar stage of development in an industrial process and associated building form which are now superseded; though more so since this was the only Queensland store to employ large wool bale modules and fully utilise 1950s technology, and as the only woolstore to rely exclusively on road transport.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>This structure also has considerable visual impact due to its substantial form and International style, including the recessed corner entrance and expressed concrete frame.</p><br>
<p>Though similar in function to earlier woolstores, this one is significantly different in style and detail.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.</p><br>
<p>In keeping with one other woolstore of similar vintage (Teneriffe Village), this illustrates particularly well the final postwar stage of development in an industrial process and associated building form which are now superseded; though more so since this was the only Queensland store to employ large wool bale modules and fully utilise 1950s technology, and as the only woolstore to rely exclusively on road transport.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>That this woolstore, with its significant pastoral and business connections, is a valued asset and a local landmark along the riverside has been recognised by its inclusion in the Teneriffe Development Plan.</p><br>
<p>Elder Smith Woolstore is a heritage-listed warehouse at 64 Macquarie Street, Teneriffe, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Montague Stanley and built in 1926 by Stuart Brothers . It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site of the Elders Smith woolstore has had several important owners, including the Government Resident, Captain John Clements Wickham, in 1847 and James Gibbon (Member of the Queensland Legislative Council) of Teneriffe House. The first building constructed on the site in 1926 was the Moreheads woolstore, the design being by Montague Talbot Stanley, a Queensland architect and structural engineer, with the construction by the Stuart Bros of Sydney.</p><br>
<p>Queensland pastoralist, businessman and politician, Boyd Dunlop Morehead (1843-1905) founded BD Morehead & Co. in association with AB Buchanan in 1873. This was a prominent mercantile business and stock and station agency, of which Morehead was the chairman of directors. Moreheads was largely responsible for the inaugurating of the Brisbane wool auctions in 1898. Moreheads Ltd continued operating until 1961 when taken over by Elders, one of the three remaining pastoral houses in Australia.</p><br>
<p>Oxlade Investments, which belongs to the Mayfairs group of companies, purchased the property in 1983 and all three floors have subsequently been utilised by the Wool Store furniture centre in conjunction with the Australian Estates No. 1 Store next door and Australian Estates No. 2 Store.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Elder Smith & Co. Woolstore is a stylish three-storey brick and timber structure of the Interwar era with restrained Renaissance detail. In keeping with other woolstores and commercial buildings of this period, a tripartite division of base, shaft and entablature is apparent in its functional form.</p><br>
<p>Constructed in red brick, its arched piers and triple window openings separated by downpipes provide a strong degree of verticality. Nevertheless, the dominant emphasis above and below the upper floors is horizontal. This is achieved by means of a string course surmounted by a rendered frieze displaying the company name and obtrusive post and balustrade parapeting with recessed arched pediments. Another string course separates the upper levels from the ground floor. However, the base of this building is distinguished more by the open arches of its colonnade which provides a covered way for the railway line and loading bays beneath a wide frontal projection. Striking parapet features are the corbelled machicolations and mock turrets.</p><br>
<p>As usual for woolstores in Teneriffe, the ground floor is concreted and the upper flooring is heavily timbered with posts, beams and joists, the latter being cross-braced by herringbone struts. Internal timber staircases at the front corners and the original Johns and Waygood passenger lift near the entrance lead to the upper floors. Level 2 walkways connected Australian Estates No 1 and Goldsbrough Mort to this structure, but the latter walkway has been removed. The showroom on the top floor has square ventilators with wooden louvers beneath the windows, and the customary sawtooth roof, which is supported by tubular metal columns and aligned from east to west for optimum lighting. The roof is constructed of corrugated asbestos and reinforced glass.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Elder Smith Woolstore was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Elder Smith woolstore is most significant in its own right and for its heritage contribution to the Teneriffe precinct. It reflects important developments, technological features and marketing procedures in Queensland&#39;s wool industry since the 1920s as well as the history of quayage along the Brisbane River and of the pastoral companies concerned.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>In form and fabric, this structure is an excellent example of the broad class of brick and timber woolstores which were built in Australian ports, including Teneriffe, to serve the wool industry.</p><br>
<p>In keeping with two other woolstores of similar vintage (Mactaggarts Woolstore, Australian Estates No. 1 Store), it illustrates particularly well the 1920s stage of development in an industrial process which is now redundant.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>This structure also has considerable visual impact due to its substantial form and unusual design, particularly the internal railway siding, repeated arches and pedimented parapet.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.</p><br>
<p>Its special combination of function and style, particularly the railway siding colonnade, was achieved by MT Stanley, who was a fellow of the Queensland Institute of Architects by 1900 and the son of FDG Stanley. He was also the architect responsible for the adjacent Australian Estates No. 1 Store.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>That this woolstore, with its significant pastoral and business connections, is a valued asset and a riverside landmark, has been recognised by its inclusion in the Teneriffe Development Plan.</p><br>
<p>Mactaggarts Woolstore is a heritage-listed wool warehouse at 53 Vernon Terrace, Teneriffe, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1926 by Stuart Brothers . It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Mactaggart&#39;s Woolstore was built in 1926 for the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company, one of some sixteen woolstores erected in the first half of the twentieth century along the Brisbane River at Teneriffe. From the mid 1960s the woolstores and their associated wharves were in decline, and many of the woolstores were sold as development sites.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The warehouse is a large building on the edge of the Brisbane River, on the corner of Vernon Terrace and Commercial Rd, within the Woolstores group. It is rectangular, three-storeyed and built of brick, with regularly-spaced windows. The interior was the most intact of any of the woolstores, with wide areas of unpartitioned space and intact fittings.</p><br>
<p>Winchcombe Carson Woolstores is a heritage-listed warehouse at 54 Vernon Terrace, Teneriffe, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by architect Claude William Chambers and built in 1910-11 by Stuart Brothers of Sydney who extended it in 1934. The woolstore was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first Winchcombe Carson building is the oldest extant woolstore in the Teneriffe precinct. Frederick Earle Winchcombe purchased some of the land himself in February 1910, while the remaining homes along the Vernon Terrace frontage were obtained by the company. The building was designed by noted Brisbane architect Claude Chambers.</p><br>
<p>The Stuart Bros of Sydney built No 1 during 1910-11 and in 1934 were responsible for the rear addition. As the company continued to expand with the wool industry, the adjacent land was acquired by 1955, so that a third store was built and allowance made for yet another. In 1979 Winchcombe Carson merged with Dalgety Australia in Queensland and NSW to form Dalgety Winchcombe. As Dalgetys had moved into a single-floor less labour-intensive complex at Rocklea, the Winchcombe Carson stores were no longer required.</p><br>
<p>Keita Pty Ltd which belongs to the Mayfairs group of companies, acquired the entire property in 1981. The ground floor is used for commercial and storage purposes, the second and third floors are the RACQ storage depot and the top floors are vacant. Under the Brisbane City Council&#39;s Teneriffe Development Plan (1986) the woolstores are designated for a mix of residential and low-intensity non-residential uses, including tourist facilities.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The three Winchcombe Carson Ltd Woolstores are sited on a block bounded by Vernon Terrace and Ethel, Florence and Dath Streets within the Teneriffe woolstore precinct.</p><br>
<p>No 1 facing Vernon Terrace is an imposing four-storey building with shallow arched sash windows and a substantial parapet. Constructed during the Federation era, its recessed red brick sections are separated by slightly projecting bays at the centre and sides. These are finished in contrasting white render, quoined at the corners and topped by a form of dutch gable pediment. The date "1911" and "Wool Store" are inscribed on the central pediment and the name of the company spans the parapet. Each column of windows per rendered bay is surmounted by a modelled voussoir and keystone arch, while those in the red brick sections are linked to the heavily moulded cornice by means of a stucco keystone. While implementing the common tripartite division of base, shaft and entablature, this decorative treatment of the facade is more evocative of English country houses in the Queen Anne period than a waterfront warehouse with a floor area of nearly 3.5 acres (1.5 hectares) and capacity for 20,000 bales of wool.</p><br>
<p>A base of dark glazed bricks runs the length of the structure, its horizontal line enhanced by a corrugated iron awning with wooden supports and diagonal metal bracing which shelters the railway siding and loading bays, some of which are arched. An unusual feature of this store are double doors which slide into the brick walls, their width determined by the size of a wool bale. A decoratively moulded central doorway leads into the main entrance foyer and offices which are timber panelled. A large passenger lift complemented by a modern timber staircase provides access to the next level. As usual for woolstores built before the First World War, the hardwood upper floors are supported by massive timber posts and braced by herring-boned struts, while the ground floor is concrete.</p><br>
<p>The showroom on the top floor has the customary sawtooth roof aligned from east to west for optimum lighting. However, this expanse is distinguished by a forest of slender octagonal columns with fretwork brackets, capitals and strings which support the roof of vertical glass and oblique tongue and groove lining. This floor also retains its panelled diningroom, changingroom, telephone booths and other client facilities, as well as lifts and chutes. The rear window openings have been enlarged to connect this top floor with others in the adjacent buildings.</p><br>
<p>The two subsequent Winchcombe Carson woolstores have their own entrances and are brick built, but are three-storey and less decorative. No 2 has tubular steel columns on the top floor, arched windows and louvred ventilator openings. Though connected to the rear of the Vernon Street store, it has an internal loading bay running between Ethel and Dath Streets for road transport. The third woolstore, which was completed in the 1950s, faces Ethel Street.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Winchcombe Carson Woolstores was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>This complex of three Winchcombe Carson woolstores is most significant in its own right and for its heritage contribution to the Teneriffe precinct. It reflects several developmental stages in the economic history of the wool industry, modifications in technology and changes in marketing as well as the history of quayage along the Brisbane River and of the pastoral companies concerned.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>In form and fabric, these structures are excellent examples of the broad class of woolstores which were built in Australian ports, including Teneriffe, to serve the wool industry. In particular there is a significant parallel in appearance between the showroom of the first Teneriffe store (1911) and the Winchcombe Carsons Woolstore No 2 at Ultimo in NSW (1880s, demolished 1974).</p><br>
<p>In addition the building facing Vernon Terrace is the oldest and a most intact woolstore remaining in the Teneriffe precinct, and well illustrates the earliest stage of development in an industrial process which is now redundant.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>This woolstore (No. 1) also has considerable visual impact due to its particularly attractive Federation era design.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.</p><br>
<p>Its (No. 1 woolstore) special combination of function and style was achieved by Claude Chambers, a founding member and subsequent president of the Queensland Institute of Architects who also designed warehouse/ commercial buildings for RS Exton & Co., Henry Berry & Co and Finney Isles & Co.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>That the Winchcombe Carson woolstores, with all their pastoral connotations, are a valued asset and riverside landmark, has been recognised by their inclusion in the Teneriffe Development Plan.</p><br>
<p>Australian Mercantile Land & Finance Woolstores is a heritage-listed former warehouse now apartments at 34 Vernon Terrace, Teneriffe, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Designed by Robin Dods of Hall and Dods, the first woolstore was built in 1912 by Walls & Juster and the second was built in 1922. They were added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Australian Mercantile Land & Finance (AML&F), an English-Australian company incorporated in 1863, had offices in London, Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane by 1910 when its Vernon Terrace land was purchased. The company employed leading architect Robin Dods and builders Walls & Juster to create an elegant but functional woolstore during 1912, thereby taking advantage of the 1910s boom in wool. The original Hall & Dods architectural plans included a second store, which was built in about 1922 to cope with the subsequent boom of the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The property was sold in 1980 to Pacific Fire Protection Pty Ltd, which used level 3 for customer storage, while leasing level 4 to TL Tourrier & Co. Pty Ltd Woolstore. The Brisbane City Council&#39;s Teneriffe Development Plan (1986) suggested recycling the buildings as a wool exhibition and tourist centre. However, in 2004, the Australian Property Growth Fund purchased the building and refurbished it to create 89 apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The original Australian Mercantile Land & Finance Co. Ltd Woolstore (AML&F) is a Federation era, four storey, brick and timber warehouse capable of storing 14,000 wool bales. The common architectural division of base, shaft and entablature is evident in its design and function.</p><br>
<p>Horizontal rows of multipaned windows are subsidiary in overall effect to the vertical lines of quoined piers which separate the window columns. These piers are decoratively composed of cream coloured bricks alternating at every fourth row with a band of darker hue. Contrasting bricks are also patterned throughout the window columns. The twelve-paned sash windows have shallow arched heads, the top row featuring a brick keystone. They are unusual in being designed to pivot for maximum light and ventilation. An elaborate moulded cornice is surmounted by a simple but dominant rendered-brick parapet displaying the company name in bold lettering and hiding the sawtooth roof behind. A straight corrugated iron awning suspended by iron rods over the railway siding and loading bays emphasises the base of the Vernon Terrace facade.</p><br>
<p>Around the truncated corner in Ethel Street, the main pedestrian entrance of the original building is highlighted by means of a semi-circular porch with a rendered arch. Further along Ethel Street a set of ornate brick gateposts provide road access to awninged loading bays and a two storey woolstore at the rear, with a similar facade to the original building. An overhead walkway connects the two stores.</p><br>
<p>The showroom on the top floor has the customary sawtooth roof aligned from east to west for optimum lighting. This expanse is distinguished by the roof ventilators and tongue and groove lining and is supported by steel posts which had 1 metre timber cowls around their base. The top floor also retains its panelled refreshment and dressing rooms. Other unusual features of this wool store are the use of twin bearers to which the posts were bolted, rather than the usual capitals, and the several sets of stairs that include turned newel posts.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Australian Mercantile Land & Finance Woolstores was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>This complex of two Australian Mercantile Land & Finance woolstores is most significant in its own right and for its heritage contribution to the Teneriffe precinct. It reflects two developmental stages in the economic history of the wool industry, modifications in technology and changes in marketing as well as the history of quayage along the Brisbane River and of the pastoral company concerned.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>In form and fabric, these structures are excellent examples of the broad class of brick and timber woolstores which were built in Australian ports, including Teneriffe, to serve the wool trade.</p><br>
<p>In addition the building facing Vernon Terrace is the second oldest intact woolstore remaining in the Teneriffe precinct, and well illustrates the earliest stage of development in an industrial process which is now redundant.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>This woolstore also has considerable visual impact due to its particularly attractive Federation era design and riverside position.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.</p><br>
<p>Though not as innovatory structurally as the bowstring Dennys Lascelles Austin Woolstore built at Geelong in the same year (now demolished), the sophisticated young architect Robin S. Dods achieved a special combination of function and style in the AML&F building. This is also important because of the dwindling corpus of his commercial work which includes the Wallace Bishop Building, Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>That the AML&F woolstores, with all their pastoral connotations, are a valued asset and striking riverside landmark, has been recognised by their inclusion in the Teneriffe Development Plan.</p><br>
<p>Teneriffe Village is a heritage-listed warehouse at 110 Macquarie Street, Teneriffe, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1955 to 1957. It is also known as Dalgety & Co. Ltd No 3 Woolstore, Queensland Primary Producers, No 8 Woolstore, and Paddys Market. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Paddys Market was erected in 1955-57 as the new No 3 woolstore for the well-known pastoral firm of Dalgety & Co. Ltd. It was the second last store to be erected in the Teneriffe woolstore precinct, and the last in Dalgetys complex, which included a wharf and a wool dumping and grain store. As with earlier woolstores in the Teneriffe area, the building&#39;s function was to store and show Queensland wool, sales being conducted at the Wool Exchange in the Brisbane central business district. Like earlier woolstores, the top floor was occupied by a single large showroom, where buyers could examine the wool at leisure under suffusive natural lighting.</p><br>
<p>The site was owned from 1883 to 1906 by Queensland Brewery Ltd (later Carlton United), manufacturers of Brisbanes popular Bulimba Beer. By 1890 the company had established a brewery at the end of Florence Street, which at the time did not extend to Macquarie Street. In 1906 the woolstore site was sold to Dalgety & Co. Ltd, which built on this and adjacent land from 1906-07 onwards. Dalgetys were the first pastoral company to move into Teneriffe, which in the 1910s and 1920s developed as Brisbanes principal woolstore precinct, to which wool was railed and shipped from all over Queensland, awaiting auction by the large pastoral companies like Dalgety&#39;s which dominated the wool industry.</p><br>
<p>Three major factors shaped this development: the presence of a railway, the availability of deep river wharfage, and the expansion of primary industry in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>In 1897 the Colonial Sugar Refinery and its wharf were constructed south of Merthyr Road, along with the Bulimba branch railway line connecting the refinery to the main network. Convenient bulk transport was crucial for the movement of wool from distant properties to the woolstores, rail being the cheapest means of bringing the product in for storage until it was shipped out some time after sale. Until the construction of Dalgetys large wharf and first woolstore (1906–07) at Teneriffe, bales were stored in bondstores scattered around Brisbane. Following Dalgetys move into the area, five more stores were erected in Teneriffe during the wool boom between 1909 and 1915, and the excellent wool years and building boom between 1924 and 1925 were responsible for another five, at an outlay of some £3,000,000. During the early 1930s, when wool contributed 50 percent of Queenslands total exports, Brisbane averaged ten wool sales a year, and two more stores were built. Four were added during the 1940s, but these were not as substantial, and only one had a showroom. The wool boom of the 1950s occasioned the construction of the final two woolstores in Teneriffe: Dalgetys new No 3 Store, and Australian Estates No. 2 Store (1957) in Macquarie Street.</p><br>
<p>When Florence Street was extended through to Macquarie Street early in 1955, Dalgetys demolished their No 3 single-storey corrugated iron store and No 4 two-storey single brick woolstore. These were replaced in 1955-57 by the present brick building. Jack Michod, Dalgetys Queensland Wool manager, was very involved in the design, in particular regarding natural lighting, floor room spacing and an innovative chute control system. These technological and operational features reflected new marketing procedures in Queenslands wool industry during the boom of the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>From the mid-1960s, changing economic pressures, the advent of containerism, technological advances in core sampling of wool, and improved breeding standards, caused the wool industry to change to single-level storage, labour-saving methods and computer trading, few of which were feasible at Teneriffe. The pastoral company which was the first to move into the Teneriffe area was also the first to move out. In 1961 Dalgety & Co. Ltd merged with New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company, and as Dalgety & New Zealand Loan Ltd, in 1964 built a new wool centre at Rocklea, selling the redundant Teneriffe No 3 woolstore to Queensland Primary Producers.</p><br>
<p>From the mid-1960s, the importance of the Teneriffe facilities to the Queensland wool industry slowly declined, and the Teneriffe wharves, having failed to keep pace with technological changes, and lacking sufficient depth for container vessels, were supplanted in 1977-78 by the Port of Brisbane Authority&#39;s new river-mouth facilities at Fishermans Island.</p><br>
<p>Since the mid-1970s, many of the former woolstores at Teneriffe have been recycled for office, storage and retail purposes. In 1984 Primaries transferred their No 8 Woolstore to "Paddy" John Stephens, who established a market trading centre in the building. As Paddy&#39;s Market, the place has become a popular Brisbane shopping and tourist venue.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Paddy&#39;s Market is a five-storeyed, brick-clad, steel-framed building which has an irregular shape to suit the site.</p><br>
<p>A strong horizontal emphasis is achieved by means of rows of windows with concrete sunshades. The building has exposed concrete at the head of the windows with most projecting. Timber framed hopper windows are arranged in two and three panels wide. Some sections have two windows with a louvre section below. Sections of the top floor are four panes high. The ground floor is a mixture of windows and openings, many of which were loading bays originally, in a less regular pattern than the upper floors.</p><br>
<p>An exhaust duct of galvanised steel extends along the Macquarie Street facade up the length of the building and exhausts above the parapet. A similar duct is on the north side of the building. Also along part of the Macquarie Street facade, terracotta tiles extend from ground level up to the projecting concrete above the head.</p><br>
<p>The top of the large parapet is a rendered capping. On the west side parapet is the lettering Queensland Primary Producers Woolstores No.8.</p><br>
<p>The roof of the building has a sawtooth structure with south lights which are not at right angles to the facade of the building. This sawtooth roof, from which the top floor showroom is suffused with light, is usual in woolstore construction.</p><br>
<p>The internal structure is reinforced concrete floors and steel columns, with a series of trusses supporting the sawtooth roof. It is understood that the river frontage necessitated piers to 28 metres below ground level. Each floor is over 4000 square metres in area.</p><br>
<p>The ceiling is lined with hardboard and internal brickwork is painted. One lift is located on the south side and a goods lift on the north side. A series of fire escape stairs are throughout the building with one constructed on the footpath on the east side.</p><br>
<p>Like some Interwar woolstores, a rail siding was accommodated internally on the ground floor. Office accommodation was provided on the ground, first and third floors, access being gained by means of an elevator and concrete stairs.</p><br>
<p>As Paddy&#39;s Market, the ground floor and sections of the first to third floors of the building have been partitioned for a variety of stalls. The showroom floor is occupied by a large fabric cash and carry enterprise.</p><br>
<p>Of the original equipment, three wool elevators, three wool drops and five wool chutes have been removed, but the original passenger lift survives. Also removed were the internal rail lines, office accommodation and other items associated with the woolstore. A connecting walkway to the former Dalgety Wool Dumping & Grain Store is no longer extant.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Teneriffe Village (former Paddys Market) was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Paddys Market is important in demonstrating the pattern of Queenslands history, illustrating that the importance of the Teneriffe wool handling facilities to the Queensland wool industry was sustained well into the mid-20th century, as well as highlighting operational and marketing procedures employed in Queenslands wool industry during the boom of the 1950s. Paddys Market remains an integral element of the most cohesive group of woolstores in Australia, illustrating the development of the Queensland wool industry from the early 1900s to the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>This group remains as rare surviving evidence of an industry upon which much of the wealth of Queensland (and of Australia) was built. Paddy&#39;s Market also has rarity value as one of only two Teneriffe woolstores illustrating the final postwar stage of development in an industrial process and associated building form which are now superseded, including the orientation of the south-facing roof trusses in relation to the building.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Paddy&#39;s market is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of the broad class of brick, concrete and steel woolstores which were built in Australian ports, including Teneriffe, to serve the wool industry after the Second World War, but which illustrates a continuity of traditional elements and form in the materials and style of the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building is part of a group of woolstores which have formed a landmark along the Brisbane River for many years, and for over a decade has had a special social association for the Queensland community as Paddy&#39;s Market.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The building is part of a group of woolstores which have formed a landmark along the Brisbane River for many years, and for over a decade has had a special social association for the Queensland community as Paddy&#39;s Market.</p><br>
<p>Located North Laurel, Maryland in Maryland, United States.</p><br>
<p>The John T. Warfield house is a historic house in North Laurel. The site is currently owned by the Maryland Milk Producers Association.</p><br>
<p>John T. Warfield was a civil war draftee from Howard County. He married Rachel Virginia Dorsey, living at the 188 acre estate until 1899.</p><br>
<p>The house is a one story three-bay wide wood building on a stone foundation built in 1885 for John T. Warfield.</p><br>
<p>The Maryland State Highway administration hired the company Traceries to document the historical status of the property. The auditor described the site as non-historical, although John T. Warfield&#39;s other house of similar design, construction, era and architecture in Montgomery County was considered significantly historic</p><br>
<p>Newstead Gasworks is a heritage-listed former gasometer at 70 Longland Street, Teneriffe, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1873 to 1887. It is also known as Brisbane Gas Company Gasworks and Newstead Gasworks No.2 gasholder. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 June 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Newstead Gasworks was established in 1887, as the second Brisbane gasworks. The surviving Newstead Gasworks No.2 gasholder (remnants) and guide framing was erected at that time and was probably moved from the original gas works site at Petrie Bight where it was erected in 1873.</p><br>
<p>From 1861 to 1864, Brisbanes population more than doubled, to 12,551. In the mid-1860s, Brisbanes infrastructure blossomed, with construction of the first cross-river bridge, a new Brisbane Town Hall, a vastly improved water supply and its first gasworks. Commercial gas supply originated in London in 1812, Sydney in 1841 and Melbourne in 1856.</p><br>
<p>The Brisbane Municipal Council was anxious to provide street lighting, for which gas was seen as the only feasible system. Earlier in the decade, the Colonial Government, supposedly for health reasons, refused permission for the Council to establish a gasworks on a site at Petrie&#39;s Bight. On the same site, however, in 1864, the Government authorised private enterprise to establish this new public utility. Central to these decisions was the Minister for Lands and Works, Arthur Macalister, then at the epicentre of friction between the Government and the Brisbane Council, friction which has erupted on several occasions ever since.</p><br>
<p>One of the founding directors of the Company in 1864 was Lewis Adolphus Bernays, secretary for the first 37 years, and eventually a board member, of the (Brisbane) Board of Waterworks. Bernays, also listed in Who&#39;s Who from 1851-1905, was prominent in a number of Queensland organisations including the Acclimatisation Society, and held the position of clerk of the Queensland Legislative Assembly.</p><br>
<p>Brisbane Gas Company production started at Petrie Bight in November 1865. The streets of Brisbane were lit. Soon after, however, councils arrears of payment resulted in its gas being turned off, with the streets plunged back into darkness. The streets remained unlit until the councils (and the colonys) financial situation had recovered sufficiently, in 1870. By 1873, the boot was on the other foot. The councils cash flow had recovered, but gas flow could not satisfy demand. The Company duly solved the problem by installing another, larger (No.2) gasholder (probably known then as a gasometer).</p><br>
<p>The 81-year-long association of the Cowlishaw family with the board of the company also started in 1873. James Cowlishaw, later the Hon. James Cowlishaw, Member of the Queensland Legislative Council, an architect, was chairman for 41 years. He served on the board for 45 years. His brother George Cowlishaw also served on the board for 28 years from 1884. James Cowlishaw was succeeded in the chair by his son Thomas Owen Cowlishaw, who served for 34 years until 1954. A fourth Cowlishaw, George Owen Cowlishaw, was involved with the Company in 1939.</p><br>
<p>The main demand for gas during the 1870s was probably for lighting, and the Municipal Council was almost certainly the Brisbane Gas Companys biggest customer. After the financial woes of the later 1860s there followed two decades of steady growth in Brisbane, reflected in an increase of demand for gas, for both lighting and for domestic and industrial fuel. Supply was expanded to, among other places, South Brisbane. The Company had outgrown the Petries Bight site, and acquired 22 acres of suitable land at Newstead, in 1883. Further adjoining land was bought in 1885 to facilitate the company&#39;s first major expansion.</p><br>
<p>The companys engineer for the shift from Petrie Bight to Newstead was JH Tomlinson, arriving in 1880 from a previous appointment in Birmingham. He presumably managed the design, supply and erection of the new gasworks. The equipment, much of it imported from England, was landed at the Companys wharf at the Brisbane River frontage of the site. The company first manufactured and stored town gas at Newstead in 1887 after a period of 22 years manufacture at Petrie Bight.</p><br>
<p>As part of the shift to Newstead, the Petrie&#39;s Bight gasholder No.2, constructed in 1873 from puddled iron, was re-erected on the recently acquired land at Longland Street. No.1 gasholder remained at Petrie Bight. At this time, the first weight-controlled governor would have been installed in its governor house.</p><br>
<p>Just as had occurred in the early 1860s, the land boom of the 1880s was reflected in booming demand for gas. Events proved that there was room for a second gasworks. The South Brisbane Gas and Light Company Limited was formed in 1885, entered the market very aggressively, and produced its first gas at the end of 1886. By this time, gas was increasingly in use for domestic fuel as well as for lighting. A price-cutting war lasted until 1889 when the companies, without any concerns about restrictive trade practices, carved Brisbane up into north and south of the river as their respective marketing territories. It was not until the Gas Act of 1916 that the government saw fit to look more closely at the cosy arrangements between gas companies, which by that stage included the Wynnum and Manly Gas and Lighting Company Limited, formed in 1912. The Act dealt with product quality and pressure, and provided for gas examiners. Price was also dealt with. (A later piece of legislation, the Profiteering Prevention Act, also encompassed gas).</p><br>
<p>A further consideration in the 1880s was the emergence in Brisbane of electricity generation for power and lighting. Eventually, as electricity technology advanced, gas lighting would literally fade into the background, the demand for gas as fuel outstripping the demand for use for lighting. Active defence was mounted to protect the gas companies&#39; interests in lighting, and it was not until 1917 that the first permanent electric lighting took to the streets of Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The demise of gas lighting would not have been immediate, and the demand for gas continued to grow. In 1929, No.3 gasholder at Doggett Street was commissioned, a four-lift frame-guided steel tank gasholder, again made from puddled iron, with a capacity of 2,500,000 cu. ft. (70,800 m3), by far the largest in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>In 1937, gasholder No.2 was fitted with a new crown of riveted steel plate.</p><br>
<p>In the post-World War II period, demand for gas again boomed, to such an extent that at one stage some 5000 newly constructed northside dwellings were completed without their gas having been connected. The core of the problem lay in English gasworks manufacturers&#39; inability to deliver. A major retort augmentation planned for completion in 1950 finally came on stream in 1954, but not until an emergency measure had been taken to erect a Humphreys and Glasgow water-gas plant, for which coke was the feedstock. This came on stream just in time for the winter of 1953.</p><br>
<p>When the Queensland Railways were converted to diesel fuel in the 1960s, it was judged that there would be a risk of serious damage if a locomotive were to derail near No.2 gasholder. Accordingly, a reinforced concrete wall was built as a shield between the railway spur line and the gasholder. Diesel locomotives were seen as a greater risk than their apparently cuddly coal-fired steam counterparts that had used the same track, in the same proximity, for the previous half-century.</p><br>
<p>By 1965, No.1 gasholder in Ann Street had been dismantled. In 1999, so had No.3, and No.2 has been disabled by splitting a hole in the crown plating, leaving the inside of the gasholder exposed to a moist oxidising atmosphere, ideal conditions for rapid rust.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, planning approval was given for the Gasworks Newstead urban redevelopment project, replacing the former industrial area in Newstead. The project incorporated the gasometer site and repurposed it as an outdoor amphitheatre.</p><br>
<h2>Gas manufacture</h2><br>
<p>The foregoing history has been compiled in the context of gas storage, with the emphasis on the remaining No.2 gasholder (remnants) and guide framing, which has stored and delivered both town gas and natural gas.</p><br>
<p>The sources of gasholder feed have been a series of gas manufacturing plants on the site, of which there are none left. The size and programming of the manufacturing plants have been determined by several factors:</p><br>
<p>Current technology, both of outlet appliances and gas manufacture technology</p><br>
<p>Demand, always closely related to population growth and economic conditions</p><br>
<p>Feedstock</p><br>
<p>Working conditions at the gasworks.</p><br>
<p>The following is a brief history of the major manufacturing installations at Newstead since 1887. The first manufacture at Newstead in 1887 was in a retort house containing ten benches of manually operated horizontal retorts. Feedstock was Ipswich coking coal. Output was "town" gas.</p><br>
<p>A new 1,500,000 cu. ft. per day West&#39;s vertical retort house, embarked upon during World War I, was eventually completed in 1920, with six settings of eight 33" (825mm) vertical retorts 20 ft long.</p><br>
<p>In 1926, a Whessoe washer was imported, used to remove ammonia and naphthalene after completion of all other purification.</p><br>
<p>A further ten benches were added to the horizontal retort house in 1927 when the horizontal retort house was revamped to mechanical operation.</p><br>
<p>Several additions were made in 1947, in preparation for a major increase in plant capacity planned to be on stream by 1950. A Woodhall-Duckham electrostatic de-tarrer was imported from England, and a Livesay washer was constructed locally. These were of 4,000,000 cu. ft. per day capacity, matching the capacity of the proposed new Glover-West plant on order from England. Also, constructed locally to (English) Holmes design, multi-film washers. Additional Connersville meters were also installed.</p><br>
<p>The new Glover-West vertical retort carbonising plant, with a capacity of 4,000,000 cu. ft. per day, was eventually opened in 1954. In view of delays in supply of specialised plant from post-war England, a Humphreys-Glasgow carburetted water-gas plant was installed as an emergency measure by MR Hornibrook Pty Ltd, prior to the winter of 1953. While less efficient than the carbonisation process, this process, one of several known as gasification, used coke as its feedstock and was more easily automated. It is probable that the Bryan-Donkin diaphragm-operated governors, housed immediately to the north of and in series with the original governor, were installed as part of the 1954 revamp.</p><br>
<p>With the arrival of natural gas, the retort houses and the water-gas plant were duly retired from service, to be replaced, in 1968 with a Vickers-Zimmer plant, supplemented in 1973 by an Onia-Geigy plant ex Adelaide. These gasification plants synthesised town gas from oil refinery material and natural gas, until the eventual 1996 conversion of the older suburbs to natural gas.</p><br>
<p>The older carbonisation plants were demolished in 1994, and the gasification plants in 1999, along with gasholder No.3 in Doggett Street. In 2002, approval was given to demolish the brick governor houses and to remove associated machinery and pipe work, to demolish the storage shed and concrete safety wall, and to construct new commercial buildings and an adjacent road surrounding the gasometer. Approval was also given to excavate the site and remove its crown and inner gaslifts.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>All items of gas manufacture, such as retort houses, exhausters, condensers, gasification plants, scrubbers, washers, purifiers, have been demolished. Most of these lay on the eastern side of the site. The weighbridge and the compressor house have also been demolished.</p><br>
<p>The only remaining items of historical engineering interest remaining on site include the Newstead Gasworks No.2 gasholder (remnants) and guide framing. The facility originally had a double-lift 500,000 cu. ft. capacity and was re-crowned in 1937.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Newstead Gasworks No.2 gasholder (remnants and guide framing) was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 June 2005 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Newstead Gasworks No.2 gasholder demonstrates the growth and development pattern of the reticulation of a major public utility, the gas supply and its infrastructure, in Brisbane and northern Brisbane suburbs from the 1860s through to the 1990s. Town gas was among the earliest of innovations that significantly improved the quality of life in the burgeoning city of Brisbane, particularly in the boom periods of the 1860s and 1880s.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The remnants of the gasholder and guide framing represents the last of the frame-guided type remaining in Brisbane, and possibly in Queensland. The Newstead No.2 gasholder (remnants) and guide framing, constructed in 1873 from puddled iron and part of the former Petrie Bight gasworks (1865-1887), is significant for its rarity, its robustness and its association with Queensland&#39;s first gasworks and a major public utility for 125 years.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The place has the potential to yield information about the evolving technology of manufacture and distribution of town and natural gas in Brisbane and northern Brisbane suburbs over a period of 125 years.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>One of the principal characteristics of a gasworks was its gasholder storage and other necessarily robust but sensitive and reliable machinery and apparatus required for drawing from the storage. At the Newstead site, the remaining gasholder (remnants) and guide framing demonstrates some of these characteristics of the gasworks.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Large round structures are unusual and attractive, particularly in areas of predominantly angular commercial and industrial construction such as Newstead. Aesthetically, the cylindrical gasholder with its spherical crown, even when empty, was both interesting and elegant. The aesthetic is further enhanced by the slightly ornate frame-guide structure.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>For over 100 years, passers-by along Breakfast Creek Road, Longland and Ann Streets, as well as residents of and workers in the area, would have seen No.2 gasholder in various states of filling, silently performing its important function of storing and feeding out the gas supply. For these communities, the gasholder (remnants) and guide framing was and is an important landmark. The material remaining on the site carries with it a strong association with these communities.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The gasworks site has a special association with a vital public utility, Brisbane&#39;s gas supply, for over a century. Prominent figures with long and close associations with the gasworks included Lewis Adolphus Bernays (associated between 1864-1908) and the Hon James Cowlishaw (associated between 1873-1920).</p><br>
<p>The Silver City Womans Club is a historic womens club located at 411 Silver Heights Boulevard in Silver City, New Mexico. The club was founded in 1909, and it built its meeting house in 1935-36. Richard Tatsch designed the clubhouse in the Pueblo Revival style, which reflected the regions architectural history. The clubhouse provided two spaces for the clubs community activities and private meetings; the former included distributing food to needy families and conducting child welfare inspections on behalf of the state, while the latter included self-improvement courses in music and literature. The women&#39;s club has continuously held its activities in the building since its construction; it has also provided a space for community meetings and large events.</p><br>
<p>The clubhouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 2, 2003.</p><br>
<p>Monier Ventilation Shaft 3 is a heritage-listed ventilation shaft at Florence Street, Teneriffe, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Joseph Monier and built. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 August 1998.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Monier Ventilation Shafts are thought to have been constructed, as part of a system of ventilation shafts (either concrete or steel/iron) located at intervals along some of Brisbane&#39;s inner city arterial stormwater drains. Three concrete shafts survive (of at least five erected) and may be the first pre-cast reinforced concrete structures in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The Wickham Terrace shaft, on the footpath at the eastern end of Albert Park, opposite Twine Street, was one of a pair, the other having been erected just inside the park, opposite Lilley Street, but since removed. A second concrete shaft of identical dimensions exists on the footpath of St Pauls Terrace, opposite Gloucester Street. Both the Wickham Terrace and St Pauls Terrace shafts appear to have been associated with the first Spring Hill stormwater drainage system, laid in the 1880s. This third shaft, of similar but smaller dimensions, exists on the footpath near the former Queensland Primary Producers Woolstore No. 8, in Florence Street, Teneriffe. Stormwater drains were laid in Florence and Ethel streets in mid-1904, and the concrete ventilation shaft at the east end of the Florence Street drain may have been constructed shortly afterwards.</p><br>
<p>In the 19th century, the distinction between drainage and sewerage was not well defined. Drains were described as sewers and they received a combination of sullage, roof and surface run-off. They relied on rainwater for flushing, and discharged to the nearest watercourse.</p><br>
<p>When Brisbane acquired municipal status in late 1859, there was no system of drainage or sewerage in the town. Most people dumped refuse in the creeks and channels, trusting that stormwater would carry it away to the river, and for some years the Brisbane Municipal Council considered drainage and sewerage as one and the same thing. However, from about 1868 the Council adopted the policy of "rainfall to the river" and "sewerage to the land", developing a city drainage scheme to carry off stormwater and an earth closet sanitary service.</p><br>
<p>The Brisbane Drainage Act of 1875, under which the colonial government agreed to set aside crown land for sale to finance Brisbanes drainage scheme, provided the impetus for construction of Brisbanes early arterial stormwater drains. The systems were designed by the colonial government&#39;s Engineer for Harbours and Rivers, William David Nisbet, and carried out by government contractors under government supervision. Upon completion they became the property and responsibility of the Brisbane Municipal Council, which was responsible also for laying branch drains.</p><br>
<p>By 1878, the inner city was drained by three separate systems:</p><br>
<p>the Frog&#39;s Hollow system - a main drain down Albert and Margaret Streets with branches laid by the Brisbane Municipal Council</p><br>
<p>the Adelaide Street-Creek Street system, which drained the centre of the town from Makerston Street to Queen Street and the lower sections of Elizabeth and Charlotte Streets</p><br>
<p>the Makerston Street system, which served the area between Makerston Street and Petrie Terrace, and between Wickham Terrace and College Road and the Brisbane River.</p><br>
<p>Between 1879 and 1886 the Brisbane Municipal Council, with government loans, developed an arterial drainage system for the densely populated suburbs of Spring Hill and Fortitude Valley (even though the Valley lay outside the Brisbane town boundary). Much of this work comprised open drains, which were covered in the late 1890s. South Brisbane and Kangaroo Point drainage systems were constructed in 1885-86. In the late 1880s, the Brisbane Municipal Council drained parts of New Farm, and a drainage system for Petrie Terrace, begun in 1883, was completed in the late 1880s. By 1890, the Brisbane Municipal Council had completed an arterial drainage scheme for the city core, at a total cost of nearly £130,000.</p><br>
<p>The densely populated Booroodabin Division was annexed to the Municipality of Brisbane in 1903, and in 1908 a loan was secured to enable the Council to complete the drainage of Merthyr, New Farm, Teneriffe, Bowen Hills, Mayne and Newstead by the end of 1909.</p><br>
<p>Without a proper sewerage system, Brisbane residents still tended to dispose of household and trade waste into the stormwater drainage systems. This led to the chronic pollution of local creeks, and foul smells emanating from the stormwater drains. Prior to bacterial theory being widely accepted, such miasma was thought to cause disease.</p><br>
<p>The situation was compounded in 1900 with the arrival of bubonic plague in Australia, carried by rats aboard ships arriving from foreign ports. The first case of human plague in Sydney was reported in January 1900, and in Brisbane (a day and a half away by steamer) on 27 April 1900. Between 1900 and 1909, plague broke out in most of Queensland&#39;s ports, galvanising the State into developing tighter controls over public health and sanitation.</p><br>
<p>In the early 20th century, the Commissioner of Public Health, using the strong coercive powers given to him under the provisions of the Health Act of 1900, required the Brisbane Municipal Council to erect ventilators in city streets to remove foul and unhealthy smells from the drainage systems. In 1900, the Council called tenders for the construction and erection of a ventilating shaft at Thorn Street, Kangaroo Point. No trace remains of this vent, except for its design, which was in the Monier system of re-inforced concrete, and identical with that of the vents that have survived on Wickham Terrace and St Paul&#39;s Terrace.</p><br>
<p>The Monier system of reinforced concrete (invented by Frenchman Joseph Monier and patented in 1867) was introduced to Australia in the early 1890s by WJ Baltzer, a New South Wales engineer. Monier&#39;s was the first true reinforced concrete, based on calculations which ensured that the steel was dispersed so as to take tension and shear forces. Baltzer, in association with contracting engineers Carter Gummow and Co. of Sydney, gained the Australian rights to this innovative fabric. The company constructed the first Monier system structure (a small arch for a storm water culvert) in Burwood, New South Wales, in 1894 and a sewer aqueduct linking the Sydney suburbs of Annandale and Balmain in 1895. The first use of the Monier system in Victoria was in 1897 with the Anderson Street Bridge over the Yarra River, designed and constructed by Carter Gummow & Co.</p><br>
<p>Carter Gummow and Co. began manufacture of Monier pipes in Sydney in 1897, and John Monash&#39;s Reinforced Concrete & Monier Pipe Construction Co. commenced production in Melbourne in 1903.</p><br>
<p>During the financial year 1903-04, the Brisbane Municipal Council authorised the spending of £1,537 on erecting sewer (drain) ventilating shafts wherever they were urgently needed. It is thought that the surviving concrete ventilation shafts were constructed in consequence.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The three surviving concrete ventilation shafts are located in Brisbanes inner city suburbs of Spring Hill and Teneriffe. Two are in Spring Hill - one at the eastern end of Albert Park, on the footpath on Wickham Terrace opposite Twine Street; another on the footpath on St Pauls Terrace, opposite Gloucester Street. A third is located on the footpath in Florence Street, Teneriffe, west of the intersection with Macquarie Street. They ventilate stormwater drains rather than sewers.</p><br>
<p>The Spring Hill ventilators are located on ridges, but the Teneriffe ventilator is on low ground near the Brisbane River. It is not known what rationale was adopted in deciding where the vents were to be placed.</p><br>
<p>The ventilators are constructed of reinforced concrete, hexagonal in shape, with simple ornamentation at half height and apex. The Spring Hill ventilators are 30 feet tall (approximately 9 metres) with a base width of 21 inches (about 52 cm). They have a wall thickness of 4.5 inches (11.5 cm) at the base, tapering to 3 inches (7.8 cm) at the top. The Teneriffe ventilator is of slightly smaller dimensions.</p><br>
<p>All three ventilators are thought to have been constructed in accordance with the patented Monier ventilation system for venting public sewers and drains, and probably pre-cast in an hexagonal mould, with the top face open.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Monier Ventilation Shaft 3 as listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 August 1998 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Monier Ventilation Shafts, constructed, are important in illustrating late 19th/early 20th century attitudes toward public health and sanitation, and survive as visible evidence of Brisbane&#39;s early and extensive stormwater drainage scheme and venting system. The three surviving concrete shafts are thought to be the first pre-cast reinforced concrete structures in Queensland, and examples of the earliest application of the Monier system of reinforced concrete construction in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>They provide rare surviving evidence of this early use of true reinforced concrete, and are significant as indicators of the technically advanced state of municipal engineering and construction in Brisbane at the turn of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>They have the potential to contribute further to our understanding of:</p><br>
<p>community attitudes toward public health in the late 19th/early 20th centuries</p><br>
<p>Brisbane&#39;s early stormwater drainage scheme</p><br>
<p>early pre-cast reinforced concrete technology in Queensland</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>They remain highly intact examples of their type and demonstrate engineering skill and involvement in creating aesthetically pleasing but functional structures.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>They remain highly intact examples of their type and demonstrate engineering skill and involvement in creating aesthetically pleasing but functional structures.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.</p><br>
<p>They provide rare surviving evidence of this early use of true reinforced concrete, and are significant as indicators of the technically advanced state of municipal engineering and construction in Brisbane at the turn of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Newstead Air Raid Shelter is a heritage-listed former air raid shelter at Commercial Road, Teneriffe, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Frank Gibson Costello and built by the Brisbane City Council. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 April 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Brisbane City Council built the concrete shelter at Newstead as an air raid shelter in 1942.</p><br>
<p>On 7 December 1941, the United States of America entered World War Two following the bombing of the American fleet at Pearl Harbour in Hawaii by Japanese carrier-borne aircraft. England and its Commonwealth had been at war with Germany since September 1939, but now the war was truly global. The Japanese first bombed Darwin on 19 February 1942 and 14,000 Australians were taken prisoner following the fall of Singapore. Plans to defend Australia from an anticipated Japanese invasion and to use Queensland as a support base for the conduct of the Pacific war were implemented quickly. Australian and American personnel poured into Queensland and urgently required a wide range of new buildings and facilities. The population of Brisbane swelled dramatically. As it was the major city in Queensland, and the most northerly major population centre in Australia, military planning headquarters were set up in Brisbane, as were a number of important maintenance, communication, and supply facilities. General Douglas MacArthur, Commander in Chief of the Allied Forces, Southwest Pacific, was based in the AMP building at the corner of Queen Street and Edward Street in Brisbane, and General Sir Thomas Blamey, Commander in Chief of the Australian Forces, used the recently constructed University of Queensland buildings at St Lucia. Brisbane was obviously a strategic target for bombing, and rapid action had to be taken to protect the population in the event of air raids.</p><br>
<p>The demand on materials, services and labour was enormous and military projects took precedence in their allocation. Heavy Anti-Aircraft batteries were built at Victoria Park, Hendra, Pinkenba, Fort Lytton, Hemmant and Balmoral, and coastal artillery batteries were established on Bribie and Moreton Islands. Before the war, Queensland had a small population and no heavy manufacturing industries. To help overcome these problems, some buildings were prefabricated and standard designs for many structures were used. Designs took into account the scarcity of skilled labour and of some materials.</p><br>
<p>The Brisbane City Council took responsibility for Air Raid Precautions activities, including establishing an Air Raid Warden system, firefighting systems and constructing air raid shelters. Aboveground salt water pipes were laid along city streets to aid in firefighting. On Christmas Eve, 1941, each Australian State&#39;s Emergency Committee issued instructions for government, private employers and private households to immediately start building shelters. Slit trenches were built in parks and schoolyards, windows were taped, and brownouts were applied to buildings.</p><br>
<p>In the Protection of Persons and Property Order No.1, gazetted 23 December 1941, Premier William Forgan Smith, with powers conferred by Regulation 35a, National Security (General) Regulations, ordered the Brisbane City Council to construct 200 public surface shelters in the city area. Work had already started on 15 December, and later another 75 shelters were ordered. However, only 235 air raid shelters were constructed, the building programme being 90% complete by June 1942. In addition, around three kilometres of covered trenches were constructed in public parks, in 13 projects, including 315 metres of concrete-pipe covered trench in the Botanic Gardens, and 150m of the same in Victoria Park. It was believed that one person could be accommodated by each foot of trench. In addition to the public shelters, the Brisbane City Council also constructed shelters for leased wharves and council properties, including at the Stanley Wharf, Circular Quay Wharves 2,3 and 4, Norman Wharf, and Musgrave Wharf. Shelters were built under the Story Bridge, for Kangaroo Point shipbuilding workers, and five shelters were constructed on behalf of the Bureau of Industry at the Howard Smith Wharves.</p><br>
<p>The Protection of Persons and Property Order No.1 was applied statewide, and outside Brisbane another 24 Local Authorities in Queenslands coastal areas were ordered to produce surface or trench shelters for the public, to be built according to the Air Raid Shelter Code laid down in the Second Schedule of Order No.1. Initially, 20 of the Local Authorities were expected to construct a minimum total of 133 surface shelters, which were supposed to be able to withstand the blast of a 500-pound bomb bursting 50 feet away. Four other Local Authorities would only build trenches. However, after plans were amended, 23 Local Authorities outside Brisbane, excluding Thursday Island, ended up possessing a total of 129 public shelters: 123 surface and six underground. This effort had cost £56,596. Where Local Authorities were unwilling or unable to build the required number of code-compliant shelters, in some cases because they had already begun erecting other shelters, the Department of Public Works became responsible for the shelters construction. However, this led to problems when the Department tried to recoup half of the cost from the Local Authorities in question. Townsville, Toowoomba, Gladstone, and Ayr denied any liability for costs, and a Bill had to be passed in December 1942 to force their compliance. The Ayr Shire Council had claimed that the shelters would be death traps during an air raid.</p><br>
<p>Of the 235 surface shelters built in Brisbane for the public, 21 survive and are still owned by the Brisbane City Council. One of the shelters, on Queens Wharf Road, is a site-specific "special" variation of the standard pillbox design. It is listed in the Queensland Heritage Register as part of the entry for the porphyry retaining wall on William Street. The other 20 public shelters owned by the Brisbane City Council can be divided into three types of pillbox intended for conversion after the war: "park", "bus", and "bus (stone)". They were designed to serve as structures such as bus waiting shelters or shade structures for parks, with some or all of the perimeter blast walls to be removed, leaving the concrete slab roof, floor slab and piers. The reusable pillboxes were designed to hold 70 people, as were the non- reusable standard pillboxes.</p><br>
<p>Frank Gibson Costello, Brisbane City Council City Architect between 1941 and 1952, was responsible for the design of the surface air raid shelters, and his variants of the standard pillbox were designed to provide a post-war utility for at least part of the Council&#39;s shelter building programme. In an address delivered to the Constitutional Club in Brisbane on February 1942, Costello noted that if the emergency for their use does not arise...(unused shelters)... remain in brick and concrete, in many cases having no further value and being a possible source of nuisance. He added that I can assure you that wherever it is possible, without sacrificing the primary requirements of shelter from air attack, I have endeavoured in our Council buildings to so plan the shelters that they will fit into schemes of improvement which we hope will proceed immediately after the war.</p><br>
<p>Costello&#39;s work was characterised by the use of an architectural language inspired by the modern movement in architecture. This movement pursued the rational use of modern materials and principles of functionalist planning and established a visual aesthetic largely inspired by the machine. It was part of an architecture employing the language of vertical and horizontal volumes and planes, floating flat roofs, masses set against voids and monumentality. Though modest in scale and form, the design of the shelters is characteristic of work in this idiom. The reusable shelters were often sited under fig trees, to aid in camouflage.</p><br>
<p>The first of Costellos reusable designs is the pillbox with double-cantilevered roof slab, or "park" type shelter. In an original list of all the shelters constructed by the Brisbane City Council, these were simply labelled as "cantilever". They had four central piers supporting the roof slab, which allowed for the removal of the four blast walls after the war. There was an entrance at each end of the front wall, where an internal wall extended into the shelter. If the walls were made of brick, the shelters dimension was 409" by 133" by 86" high, and if concrete was used the dimensions were 40 by 126" by 86" high. The difference was due to the fact that the brick walls finished in line with the top of the roof slab, covering the fascia, whereas the concrete walls finished at the soffit of the roof slab, flush with the fascia. The minimum wall thickness for brick was set at 13.5", and 12" for concrete. The roof slab was intended to have at least four inches of concrete.</p><br>
<p>Of the 37 reusable shelters listed as being of the park type only 17 survive: one at Hefferan Park in Annerley; two at Albert Park; two at Wickham Park; one in Buranda Playground in Woolloongabba; two in Raymond Park in Kangaroo Point; and one each at Kelvin Grove, Morningside, Nundah, Stones Corner, and Windsor. Four other shelters stand on East Street and Wickham Street in Fortitude Valley. Most are used as simple park shelters, as intended, but the shelter at Nundah has been modified as a toilet block, and the shelter at Kelvin Grove is used as a bus shelter (as distinct from those shelters in the next category, which were specifically designed as "bus" type shelters). About half of the surviving park shelters had concrete blast walls, while half used brick.</p><br>
<p>The second design was the pillbox with single-cantilevered roof slab, or "bus" type shelter, as it was called in the original Brisbane City Council list. These were designed so that the three brick blast walls could be removed after the war, leaving a concrete back wall and five brick piers at the front. Again, entrances were at each end of the front wall. Of the 19 "bus" types listed only two survive, at Newmarket and Newstead.</p><br>
<p>The third design was also a "bus" type shelter, but it was built with a stone rear wall, instead of concrete, and six stone piers were later added, instead of five brick piers. The three brick blast walls could be removed as normal. Two of these "colonnade" types were built- referred to in the Brisbane City Council list as "bus (stone)"- and only one survives, at King Edward Park.</p><br>
<p>Most of the Brisbane structures built for the war were removed at the end of World War Two. The saltwater mains, slit trenches, and sirens disappeared, as did the many standard pillboxes that had stood in the middle of the streets of the Central Business District. 156 standard pillboxes were built, but none of the surviving public shelters in Brisbane City Council ownership are of that design. Of the 21 special shelters, only the one on Queens Wharf Road survives. However, of Costellos 58 reusable public surface shelters, 20 have survived; the removal of their blast walls, as planned, had given them a renewed purpose. The workers shelters at the Story Bridge Hotel and Howard Smith Wharves also still exist.</p><br>
<p>The front blast wall of the air raid shelter at Newstead was removed according to plan after World War Two, although evidence of the location of the wall is still visible. The original floor slab has been covered with topping. A row of five brick piers has been added and seating and electrical wiring has been introduced.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Newstead air raid shelter is a rectangular concrete structure comprising a heavy floor slab, rear blast and side nib blast walls, a flat roof and five brick piers. The rear blast wall features the original seven metal lined ventilators and two freestanding seats are located along the rear wall. The roof and rear wall are painted off- white and lighting and associated wiring is located on the ceiling. There is evidence of the two entrances visible on the soffit. It stands on the bitumen footpath at the end of Commercial Road.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Newstead Air Raid Shelter was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 April 2005 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Newstead air raid shelter is important as a part of the Air Raid Precaution activities that were implemented for the defence of Brisbane during World War Two. Designed to afford protection to the civilian population of Brisbane in the event of air raid attacks or other emergencies, the air raid shelter located in Commercial Road is important in demonstrating the impact of World War Two on the civilian population of Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Although many air raid shelters were constructed during World War Two in Queensland, comparatively few survive. Also, there are not many types of structures built by the Brisbane City Council during World War Two, for wartime purposes, which survive.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The shelter&#39;s solid construction, rectangular shape, and its siting near a population concentration, demonstrate the principal characteristics of a World War Two Brisbane public air raid shelter.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.</p><br>
<p>The Newstead air raid shelter, now used as a bus shelter, demonstrates the secondary uses that were part of the original design intention. The shelter is a durable example of innovative design and use of concrete technology during World War Two.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The air raid shelter is important as an example of the wartime work of the City Architect&#39;s Office and particularly the work of City Architect F.G. Costello.</p><br>
<p>Roseville is a heritage-listed detached house at 56 Chester Street, Teneriffe, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1886. It is also known as Uradah. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 25 June 1993.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This large single-storeyed residence is on the slopes of Teneriffe Hill. It was constructed about 1886 for George Myers, a successful Brisbane china and glassware merchant whose principal store was located in Queen Street. In 1889, he also erected a warehouse in Edward Street (now the Metro Arts Theatre). The site originally was part of James Gibbon&#39;s Teneriffe estate. Myers had purchased it in 1885 from architect and newspaper proprietor James Cowlishaw, and it is possible Cowlishaw produced the design. The residence was called Roseville, reputedly because of the large rose garden Myers established in the grounds.</p><br>
<p>Cowlishaw sold the property in 1887, and in 1891 the house passed to Mrs Ann Cowell, who renamed it Uradah after a family property at Longreach. It has operated as a hostel run by the Society of the Divine Word, and subsequently became Roseville Restaurant. In the early 1980s alterations and additions associated with its conversion to the restaurant included redecorated interiors, new stained glass work and renovated verandahs. A new double-storeyed service building was added at the rear, and the original kitchen wing was modernised. A timber stable building at the rear was demolished.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Roseville is a one-storeyed rendered brick building surrounded by timber and iron lacework verandahs. It has a corrugated iron roof, the principal roof being a U-shaped hip trimmed with paired console brackets, which sits above a convex verandah roof. Two substantial decorated chimneys rise above the roof line. A detached rendered brick service building on a stone base at the rear of the house has now been incorporated into the more recent additions.</p><br>
<p>The southern frontage presents a symmetrical face to the street with a pair of bay windows which are expressed in the roof, and a central entrance. The entrance is articulated with a fretwork pediment on paired columns which sits slightly in relief to the rest of the verandah, and wide rendered masonry stairs with scrolled strings.</p><br>
<p>The verandah has chamfered twin posts with valances; the eastern portion of the verandah has been glazed. The outer edge of the verandah sits on a perforated brickwork screen with brick stumps, while the perimeter wall of the house itself rests on a stone base.</p><br>
<p>The rooms of the house run either side of a central hallway; two grander rooms are located towards the front. The entry section of the hallway has a mosaic tile floor. The interior includes four marble fireplaces, a variety of ceiling rosettes, dados and decorative cornices and mouldings. French doors and large sash windows open to the verandah.</p><br>
<p>Refurbishment included landscaping, and the garden now contains ornamental pools, waterways, flowerbeds and rich vegetation. The main building remains essentially intact in form and structure.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Roseville was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 25 June 1993 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Roseville is important in demonstrating the evolution of Queensland&#39;s history as evidence of the development of the Teneriffe area.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Roseville demonstrates the principal characteristics of an 1880s Brisbane residence.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Roseville is significant for its contribution to the townscape character of Teneriffe Hill and exhibits aesthetic characteristics which are valued by the local community.</p><br>
<p>Teneriffe House is a heritage-listed villa at 37 Teneriffe Drive, Teneriffe, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by William Henry Ellerker and built in 1865. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 14 May 1993.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This large hilltop residence was built in 1865 for Hon. James Gibbon, Member of the Queensland Legislative Council and property speculator. The house was designed by Melbourne architect William Henry Ellerker. Ellerker practised briefly in Brisbane from 1864 to 1866. Hehad initially won the Queensland Parliament House competition in 1864, but it was finally awarded to the Queensland Colonial Architect, Charles Tiffin.</p><br>
<p>In 1854 Gibbon had purchased about 48 hectares of land along the ridge dividing New Farm from Newstead, and named the property Teneriffe. He resided at a number of addresses, including Eskgrove at Kangaroo Point and Kingsholme in nearby New Farm, until commissioning the construction of Teneriffe House in 1865.</p><br>
<p>When completed at a cost of £1,715, Teneriffe House was described as a residence of very superior character, occupying a prominent hilltop position from which it could be seen for many miles. It was constructed of rendered brick on a stone foundation, with ten feet wide verandahs on all sides, and a slate roof. Folding doors separated the large drawing and dining rooms, which each measured 18 feet by 16 feet. The kitchen, pantries and servants&#39; quarters were detached.</p><br>
<p>In March 1882, Gibbon sold the property to James Cowlishaw for £2000, as Gibbon was intending to return to England. The property was subdivided, and the house on 2.6 hectares was acquired by Brisbane importer Robert W Wilson, who carried out extensive renovations. It is likely the southern wing and the billiards wing were added at this time. By mid-1886 the main house contained a large drawing room 40 feet by 21 feet, a dining room 26 x 18 feet, a butlers pantry in the recess leading to the kitchen, four bedrooms, two dressing rooms, three bathrooms with plunge and shower baths, and nursery. The front verandah had been extended to 20 feet in depth, and all the verandah posts had been replaced with decorative iron columns. A detached rendered brick building with a flat parapet roof, had been erected, and this contained a billiard room, three bedrooms, and a lavatory. The service wing contained a kitchen, servants hall, three servants bedrooms, pantry with fireproof strongroom, storeroom and double cellar. The house was fitted with electric bells, and gas was laid on throughout both house and outbuildings. These included laundry, stables, coachhouse, mens rooms, harness and feed rooms, groom&#39;s cottage and a four-roomed gate lodge. The grounds were extensively landscaped, and included a fernery and tennis lawn.</p><br>
<p>Wilson sold the contents of his home in December 1885, and he and his family returned to England. During the second half of the 1880s, Teneriffe House was occupied by GH Green, manager of the Brisbane branch of the Commercial Bank of Sydney. He was succeeded as bank manager by David J Abercrombie, who also succeeded to the occupancy of Teneriffe House. The Abercrombies lived at Teneriffe House for nearly 30 years.</p><br>
<p>In 1905 Reginald Edward Rowe Hillcoat, a North Queensland grazier, acquired Teneriffe House, and the Hillcoat family resided there from 1919. The interior of the western wing, which may have been the first kitchen wing, appears to have been remodelled about this time. Following Hillcoat&#39;s death in 1925, the property was subdivided. At this time the Brisbane City Council resumed just over 3.5 acres, which included the original orchard, for park purposes, with compensation of £1,750 to the Hillcoat estate. This resumption survives as Teneriffe Park.</p><br>
<p>Teneriffe House remains the property of Reginald Hillcoat&#39;s descendants. His wife and one of his two daughters lived in the house until their deaths in 1938 and 1983 respectively, but in the late 1960s, the residence was converted into flats.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Teneriffe House is a large, single-storeyed brick and timber residence located on a hill overlooking the Bulimba Reach of the Brisbane River. The principal entrance is at the rear facing Teneriffe Drive, as the front of the house takes advantage of the river views.</p><br>
<p>The house comprises four sections:</p><br>
<p>The core (1865 & 1880s) is a well-proportioned, rendered brick building with a hipped roof of corrugated iron and stone foundations. It is encircled by wide verandahs with slender cast-iron columns. The front verandah is 6 metres deep and has cedar fretwork trusses and a sprung floor. The western, or rear, verandah has been enclosed. Dominating the western facade is a rendered portico with entablature, shaped pediment and decorative urns. Beyond the portico a formal entrance leads to a central vestibule, from which radiate four large rooms with cedar joinery and marble mantelpieces. Wide French doors with tall arched panels of glass open onto the verandahs from the two rear rooms. The large front room is divided by an ornamented archway and folding cedar doors. It has large step-out windows which telescope into decorative timber panels. The main building now contains two flats.</p><br>
<p>Attached to the southern end of the rear verandah is a small masonry strong room, with a built-in safe. Adjacent to the strongroom, a timber wing runs east to west. This may be the original 1865 service wing. The verandah along its southern side has been enclosed, but that on the northern side survives. This wing has been converted into two flats, but some of the rooms retain s timber panelling and plasterwork.</p><br>
<p>To the south a timber wing (s) is connected to the core via the verandahs. Although more modest in scale and materials, it has the same French doors as the core, a double fireplace with marble surrounds, and a small oriel window and folding dividing doors in the long southern room. It has been divided into two flats.</p><br>
<p>To the southeast is a rendered brick building (s) which once contained a skylit billiard room. Built into the side of the hill at a lower level than the other buildings, it has a walk-on flat roof with a concrete parapet or balustrade. Part of the roof structure has collapsed.</p><br>
<p>Despite the conversion to flats, Teneriffe House remains substantially intact in form, fabric and detail.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Teneriffe House was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 14 May 1993 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Teneriffe House is significant for its strong association with, and as the focal point of, the early development of Teneriffe. This large residence embodies structural and stylistic changes dating from the 1860s to the 1920s, in which are reflected changing affluent lifestyles and tastes in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The wide front verandah and the detached billiard room with its trafficable roof are rare in 19th century Brisbane domestic building. The core of Teneriffe House remains one of Brisbane&#39;s few surviving 1860s houses, and one of the few known Brisbane works by Melbourne architect W H Ellerker.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The core of Teneriffe House remains one of Brisbane&#39;s few surviving 1860s houses, and one of the few known Brisbane works by Melbourne architect W H Ellerker.</p><br>
<p>Holy Trinity Church is a heritage-listed Anglican church at 141 Brookes Street, Fortitude Valley, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is the second church on that site. It was designed by Francis Drummond Greville Stanley built from 1876 to 1877 by James Robinson. It was modified in 1920-1921, 1925 and 1929. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Construction on The Holy Trinity Church in Fortitude Valley began in 1876 and was completed in 1877 by the Anglican Church. It was the second Anglican church on this site and the third in Fortitude Valley.</p><br>
<p>Fortitude Valley was established in 1849 and the first rector, The Rev. E.K. Yeatman, of "our mother church in this portion of Australia" was appointed in 1856. The Holy Trinity Parish included Sandgate, New Farm, Enoggera and Bowen Hills, and as St Johns was situated on the site of what is now Queens Gardens, parishioners had difficulty attending services as the Ann Street cutting had not been started. There was no Wickham Street, only a row of ponds and brickyards on the site. By 1856, it was apparent that St Johns was not large enough for the growing parish, and a new church was established in a rented cottage at the corner of Ann and Ballow Streets, across from the Fortitude Valley Post Office. Divine services were held on Sunday, and a day school was conducted during the week.</p><br>
<p>In 1857 the parish was granted two acres of land for church purposes by the New South Wales government (the separation of Queensland did not occur until December 1859) This is the same site that the current church is now located on. The first building was constructed as a temporary church at a cost of £495, and was described as "a long, plain building of rough stone and cut facings". It was later enlarged at a further cost of £300.</p><br>
<p>The first rectory was built for The Reverend John Mosely who was appointed in 1861. It cost £650 and was situated in Leichhardt Street on land which extended to Water Street. This land was a Crown grant to the Church of England.</p><br>
<p>When the Rev. James Love was appointed in 1875, it was decided that a new church was required. "From the acorn - as represented by the first cottage room - the oak of the present Trinity Church was bursting". Church wardens John Bramston, Henry Whyborn and the Attorney General of Queensland began a fund raising appeal. The architect for the church was Francis Drummond Greville Stanley. Although he was employed as the Queensland Colonial Architect at the time, the Holy Trinity church was one of his many private projects.</p><br>
<p>His initial drawings were for a stone building, but the tenders must have been too high as new plans were produced for a stone or brick building of smaller scale with options for the building to be built with or without a chancel and for the copings, window dressings and string courses to be of stone or cement.</p><br>
<p>He also designed a number of other churches of both brick and stone that were of a similar style and scale to the Holy Trinity. These included St Pauls Anglican Church, Maryborough and the Holy Trinity Church, Mackay.</p><br>
<p>The corner stone of the Holy Trinity, Fortitude Valley was laid on Saturday 29 April 1876 and the building was formally opened by Bishop Matthew Hale on Saturday 21 July 1877. It was constructed without a chancel and with cement dressings by James Robinson, bricklayer and builder, at a cost of approximately £3000.</p><br>
<p>It was now apparent that the old rectory was too far away from the church and in 1891 it was sold. A new rectory, also designed by F.D.G. Stanley and constructed by James Robinson, was erected next to the church. In January 1892, the old church which was being used as a school was demolished and replaced with a new building to be used as a hall. This building was designed by diocesan architect John Hingeston Buckeridge.</p><br>
<p>In 1919 the Rev. Samuel Watkin went to Maryborough to inspect the chancel of St Pauls Church of England which had also been designed by F.D.G. Stanley. Upon his return he was instructed to begin interviewing architects to ascertain the cost of a new chancel.</p><br>
<p>Church records mention Mr Addison, architect in connection with the chancel. This could be George Henry Male Addison or his son George Frederick Addison. Tenders were received by the church in April 1920 and ranged from £1,775 to £2,268. The new chancel and sanctuary were dedicated on Sunday, 4 September 1921 by Archbishop St Clair Donaldson.</p><br>
<p>Mr Addison was once again consulted when the rector received a cheque from a donor for the remodelling of the clerestory windows in 1925. He presented several designs, one of which was selected. It was estimated that it would cost between £500 and £600, and the donor instructed that specifications should proceed, saying "it was possible that the design might be carried out. If so it would remove an ugly blot and substitute a thing of beauty". The new clerestory windows were dedicated on 14 June 1925 by Archbishop Gerald Sharp.</p><br>
<p>On Sunday, 10 November 1929 the last major addition to the church, the new reredos was dedicated. It was designed by Lange Leopold Powell of Atkinson, Powell and Conrad, and was carved by Andrew Lang Petrie.</p><br>
<p>Apart from a brick retaining wall that was erected in 1956 as a memorial to those who died in World War Two, the grounds and buildings have remained relatively intact from this date.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Holy Trinity Church is a substantial brick and stone building located on a site bound by Church, Wickham and Brookes Streets, Fortitude Valley. The church precinct includes the Holy Trinity Parish Hall, and the Holy Trinity Rectory, both of which are also heritage-listed.</p><br>
<p>The church has a central clerestoried nave which is flanked by aisles and intercepted by transepts midway. It sits on a stone base and is mainly constructed of dark brick laid in the English bond method, with the window surrounds, string courses and copings finished in cement render. The roof is of rolled metal which replaced the original Welsh slate roof of Duchess size tiles, and has cast iron cresting running along the ridge of the body and transepts of the church. A stone cross sits on the point of each gable end.</p><br>
<p>A pair of Gothic arched doors are centrally located in the symmetrically arranged south face of the building. They are set into a portal entrance of cement render and brick which features a hood moulding. An early pointed arched stained glass and tracery window is centred above the portal entrance, above which is a small rectangular window. The remainder of the south face consists of two smaller lancet windows on either side of the doors, and a gable end which is flanked by towers topped with pinnacles on either side. All of the brickwork to this face, apart from the portal entrance is bagged and painted.</p><br>
<p>The east and west faces of the church are similar, both having centrally located transepts flanked by four equal bays of windows, two on either side of the transept gables. These bays of windows are made up of three lancet windows of stained glass and surrounded by lighter brickwork and cement render. The bays are divided by buttresses of dark brick which have cement rendered copings. The transept gables have double doors located centrally between two small windows and have been bagged and painted to match the front face of the church. Above the doorway is a circular window with stone tracery and stained glass panels. This is also surrounded by lighter brickwork. The colours of the stained glass in these windows differs on each side of the building. There are eight clerestory windows on either side of the transept gables. These are replacements of the originals and are round arched with each window divided into three smaller arches. Centrally located in the roof line above these windows are two ventilation gablets, one on either side of the transept gables.</p><br>
<p>The north face or rear of the building is an addition to the original building, and was built in 1921. This addition had been included in the original design for the church and it was always intended that it be built as the parish grew. It is constructed in the same style and of the same materials as the remainder of the building and houses the chancel and vestry. The rear face is dominated by a large grouped lancet stained glass window which sits above the reredos internally. On the eastern side of the chancel is a small rectangular room which houses the vestry, and on the western side is a small polygonal room. The walls to these rooms are lower than the rest of the building and are capped with a concrete parapet punctuated with a quatrefoil design. These rooms are accessed externally by timber double doors which have a leadlight window above them. Both the doors and the window are set into a Gothic arch similar in style to those in the original part of the building.</p><br>
<p>Internally the walls are rendered masonry and scored to represent stone in places. The floor is concrete with two bands of encaustic tiles running the length of the nave and a feature pattern of encaustic and tessellated tiles at the entry. To the right of the entry doors is a semi-circular staircase leading to the gallery which houses seating and an early organ. The seats to the gallery are of cedar and pine and appear to have a ventilation system located in the floor underneath them.</p><br>
<p>The nave arcade is made up of six cast iron pillars on either side. These are of complex section cast to resemble clustered pillars used in Early English churches and sit on octagonal rendered masonry bases. They are linked by a cast iron framework decorated with a punched quatrefoil motif, forming pointed arched openings. The spandrels are fitted with timber panels featuring alternating cutout patterns.</p><br>
<p>The roof construction of the body of the church has hammer beam roof trusses and is lined with timber boards which are laid diagonally. All timber work, including the pews is either natural teak or timber stained to a teak colour. Many pieces of liturgical furniture are retained in the church.</p><br>
<p>A high, pointed arch divides the nave from the chancel. This is dominated by the altar and the reredos which is carved of Yangan freestone. The sanctuary is defined by the altar rails which are timber carved and stained to match the rest of the timber work.</p><br>
<p>Situated in front of the chancel are the lectern and pulpit. The pulpit is also of carved freestone with detailing in pink marble. The lectern is brass and is in the shape of an eagle with outstretched wings.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Holy Trinity Church was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Holy Trinity Church demonstrates the rapid growth of the Anglican community not only in Fortitude Valley but also in communities further to the North and East of Fortitude Valley.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The building demonstrates the principal characteristics of a mid - Victorian interpretation of Early English Gothic architecture, and also an example of the ecclesiastical work of prominent Brisbane architect F.D.G. Stanley. It has a number of intact elements typical to this style, including the plan form and detailing which includes the gallery and organ, joinery and stained glass windows.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>As a substantial church in a prominent location, Holy Trinity Church is of considerable aesthetic value.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.</p><br>
<p>The design uses particularly innovative building techniques for the period in which it was built. These include the cement flooring and the use of cast iron columns in the nave arcade.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>It was only seven years after the first settlers arrived in The Valley that the need arose for a new church. From that time, the church has had a strong association with the Anglican community. The church contains many items of furniture of special value to the parish community.</p><br>
<p>Holy Trinity Rectory is a heritage-listed Anglican clergy house at 141 Brookes Street, Fortitude Valley, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Francis Drummond Greville Stanley and built in 1889 by James Robinson. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Holy Trinity Rectory at 141 Brookes Street, Fortitude Valley is a two-storeyed brick building constructed in 1889 to a design prepared by former Queensland Colonial Architect Francis Drummond Greville Stanley.</p><br>
<p>The Church of England was the first institutional religion established in Queensland, with the parish of St Johns in Brisbane created in 1849 as part of the Diocese of Newcastle. Land bounded by George, William and Elizabeth streets was granted to the church and St Johns Church was consecrated on this site in 1854. This parish encompassed a wide district which extended well beyond the Brisbane town boundary and included Milton, Enoggera and Sandgate.</p><br>
<p>By the mid-1850s a village of 100 to 150 houses had been established at Fortitude Valley just north of the Brisbane town boundary and there were more homes scattered through the semi-bush to the north and east. For Valley residents, access to St Johns Church at the southern end of North Brisbane was difficult. Principal access was via the steep, unformed track of Ann Street over Duncans Hill, which was not cut down until the 1860s and 1870s. Wickham Street did not exist at this period; in its place was a series of ponds and brickyards.</p><br>
<p>In recognition of the increasing settlement of the district north of Brisbane, part of St John&#39;s parish separated in 1856 to form Holy Trinity parish. The new parish encompassed the areas of Fortitude Valley, Bowen Hills and New Farm and extended west to Enoggera and north to Sandgate. At first a cottage was rented at the corner of Ann and Ballow Streets for use as a Church of England school on weekdays and as a place of worship on Sundays. In 1857 the New South Wales government granted to the parish two acres of land bounded by Ann, Brookes, Church and Wickham streets for church purposes (the present site of the Holy Trinity Church, this rectory and the parish hall). In the same year a long, stone building was erected on this site for use as a school room and temporary church.</p><br>
<p>The Diocese of Brisbane was formed in 1859, with Bishop Edward Tufnell taking office as the first Bishop of Brisbane in 1860. At this time St John&#39;s Church was designated as the pro-Cathedral, and Holy Trinity parish was incorporated into the Diocese of Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The first Holy Trinity rectory was built for Rev. John Mosely who was appointed in 1861. It was a stone building situated in Leichhardt Street between Quarry and Love streets, on a crown land grant to the Church which extended through to Water Street.</p><br>
<p>During the 1860s and 1870s Fortitude Valley developed as a commercial and residential centre and population density in the Valley and surrounding areas increased substantially. The 1857 stone building was enlarged in 1862 to accommodate an expanding congregation and by the mid-1870s Holy Trinity parish was committed to the construction of a new, larger church on the Brookes Street site. Designed in 1875 by the then Queensland Colonial Architect, FDG Stanley, the second Holy Trinity church was erected in 1876-77 by contractor James Robinson. The 1857 stone church/school building remained in use as a schoolroom.</p><br>
<p>As the parish grew, the disadvantages of having the rectory separated from the church eventually led to the construction in 1889 of a new rectory in Brookes Street, adjacent to Holy Trinity Church, at a cost of £1,935. Like the 1876-77 church, the second rectory was designed by FDG Stanley and constructed by builder James Robinson.</p><br>
<p>Stanley was born in Edinburgh in 1839 and trained in Scotland as an architect. He emigrated to Brisbane in 1862 and practised privately before gaining employment with the Queensland Government in the office of the Colonial Architect, Charles Tiffin, in 1863. Following Tiffin&#39;s retirement Stanley was appointed Colonial Architect from 1 January 1872, a position he held until 1881. Throughout this period of government employment he accepted a number of private commissions and continued in private practice in Brisbane, Maryborough and Toowoomba after he left the public service. Stanley was a prolific architect and his work is found throughout Queensland.</p><br>
<p>Stanley&#39;s design for Holy Trinity Rectory was for a substantial brick house of two storeys with broad verandahs on both levels, projecting gables and a corrugated iron roof. Some of the stone from the former rectory in Leichhardt Street was recycled in a retaining wall along the Brookes Street boundary.</p><br>
<p>The 1889 residence continues to function as Holy Trinity Rectory.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Holy Trinity Rectory (1889) is situated adjacent to Holy Trinity Church (1876-77 with additions 1920-21 and 1929) and Holy Trinity Parish Hall (1891) in Fortitude Valley. All three buildings are located on a site bounded by Brookes, Church and Wickham streets at the northern end of Fortitude Valley. They complement each other in terms of scale, materials (each is of brick construction), use of Gothic stylistic elements and garden settings. The rectory is positioned to the south east of the church, fronting Brookes Street and to the north east of the parish hall, which faces Church Street.</p><br>
<p>The rectory is a two-storeyed brick building with verandahs to both floors. It has a core hipped roof and projecting gables to three elevations. At the rear is an attached, two-storeyed timber service wing with a hipped roof. All the roofs are clad with galvanized iron and the core roof has a ridge vent. Three single brick chimneys with vaulted tops rise above this roof and there is an external brick chimney at the end of the timber service wing.</p><br>
<p>The main gabled elevation to Brookes Street has a rendered plinth and is decorated with a rendered band at the upper floor level, rendered window sills, label moulds and panels below the windows. The projecting roof gable is supported on fretwork timber brackets and there is a circular vent to the gable peak. Windows in the projecting gable are in sets of three to each floor, with narrow brick mullions. The ground floor window in this gabled projection has a corrugated iron hood supported on decorative timber brackets.</p><br>
<p>The ground floor verandahs are supported on squat brick piers, with square timber verandah posts with cap moulds and brackets but no balustrade. A deep frieze below the upper floor has exposed timber cross-bracing with vertically jointed boards behind. The upper floor verandahs have the same square timber verandah posts as the ground floor, supporting skillion verandah roofs of galvanized iron separate to the main roof. The upper verandahs have a cast iron balustrade. The rear verandah has been enclosed with timber boards.</p><br>
<p>Most of the interior walls are of brick with a smooth plaster finish and most rooms have simple cornices and a high, narrow picture rail. Some rooms have decorative moulded plaster ceiling roses, but overall the decoration is very restrained. French doors open to the verandahs.</p><br>
<p>The building is set back from the street in a simple garden setting. There is a low retaining wall of rusticated, coursed stonework along the Brookes Street road alignment in front of the rectory. A timber picket fence separates the rectory yard from the church grounds.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Holy Trinity Rectory was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Holy Trinity Rectory, Fortitude Valley is part of an ecclesiastical group comprising Holy Trinity Church (1876–77, 1920–21, 1929), Holy Trinity Rectory (1889) and Holy Trinity Hall (1891–92). The site has historical significance for its association with the establishment of the Anglican Church in Queensland and the surviving buildings are important evidence of the late 19th century consolidation of the Church of England in Queensland, which is an important theme in the state&#39;s history. The place also illustrates the expansion of suburban Brisbane in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Holy Trinity Rectory is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of its class: a substantial late 19th century rectory. In its scale (two-storeyed), use of materials (especially the brick construction and decorative cast iron work) and Gothic stylistic elements, the building is reflective of themes predominant in late 1880s boom-era residences in Brisbane. Holy Trinity parish was at its peak at this period and the building reflects the comparative wealth of the parishioners. However, restraint in the simple interior finishes and modest decorative detailing reflects the building&#39;s ecclesiastical function. The building is a good example of the ecclesiastical residential work of prolific Queensland architect FDG Stanley and has aesthetic significance generated by its design, materials and garden setting, which includes a stone and cast-iron retaining wall along the Brookes Street frontage.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building is a good example of the ecclesiastical residential work of prolific Queensland architect FDG Stanley and has aesthetic significance generated by its design, materials and garden setting, which includes a stone and cast-iron retaining wall along the Brookes Street frontage.</p><br>
<p>Holy Trinity Rectory makes a significant contribution to the Holy Trinity Precinct in Fortitude Valley. This group is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of its class: a substantially intact, cohesive, late 19th century Queensland ecclesiastical precinct. The cohesion is due to the consistency in scale, forms, materials, use of Gothic design elements, quality of architectural design and location within a garden setting (including mature trees and retaining walls). The arrangement and inter-relationship of the buildings on the site is important in illustrating how the precinct functions. Since the late 19th century Holy Trinity Precinct has made a significant aesthetic contribution to the Brisbane townscape.</p><br>
<p>Manly War Memorial is a heritage-listed memorial at 184 Carlton Terrace, Manly, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1920 to 1921. It is also known as Ferguson Street Reserve, Manly Dam, and Soldiers Memorial Park. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 August 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Manly War Memorial was unveiled by Walter Henry Barnes, Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, on 5 March 1921. It is not known who designed the memorial, or who the mason was. The memorial, originally of Helidon brown freestone on a base of Enoggera granite, with a statue of Carrara marble, honours the 16 local men who fell during the First World War.</p><br>
<p>The land on which the park is located was originally part of a 150 acres (61 hectares) lot bought by Thomas Jones in 1860. In 1882 the land was sold to the Arnold brothers who sub divided the land for auction. From the late 1890s the area was designated as a water reserve and eventually formed part of the Manly Dam, filled in some time after 1908. The land was never developed and was subsequently divided by a road. The memorial was erected around 1920, however the land, which had always been considered a park, was not officially resumed until 1937.</p><br>
<p>Previously known as Manly Memorial Park, it was renamed in 1990 after Richard Russell, pioneer Manly citizen and businessman who was elected Mayor in 1919.</p><br>
<p>The Manly digger statue was plagued by acts of vandalism over the years, which culminated in 1992 in the statue being pulled from the pedestal and the head broken off. The statue was replaced with a concrete replica in 2007, but the original Italian marble statue, thought lost, was rediscovered in a Brisbane City Council depot in Lota in 2013.</p><br>
<h3>Significance of war memorials in Australia</h3><br>
<p>Australia, and Queensland in particular, had few civic monuments before the First World War. The memorials erected in its wake became our first national monuments, recording the devastating impact of the war on a young nation. Australia lost 60,000 from a population of about 4 million, representing one in five of those who served. No previous or subsequent war has made such an impact on the nation.</p><br>
<p>Even before the end of the war, memorials became a spontaneous and highly visible expression of national grief. To those who erected them, they were as sacred as grave sites, substitute graves for the Australians whose bodies lay in battlefield cemeteries in Europe and the Middle East. British policy decreed that the Empire war dead were to be buried where they fell. The word "cenotaph", commonly applied to war memorials at the time, literally means "empty tomb".</p><br>
<p>Australian war memorials are distinctive in that they commemorate not only the dead. Australians were proud that their first great national army, unlike other belligerent armies, was composed entirely of volunteers, men worthy of honour whether or not they made the supreme sacrifice. Many memorials honour all who served from a locality, not just the dead, providing valuable evidence of community involvement in the war. Such evidence is not readily obtainable from military records, or from state or national listings, where names are categorised alphabetically or by military unit.</p><br>
<p>Australian war memorials are also valuable evidence of imperial and national loyalties, at the time, not seen as conflicting; the skills of local stonemasons, metalworkers and architects; and of popular taste. In Queensland, the digger statue was the popular choice of memorial, whereas the obelisk predominated in the southern states, possibly a reflection of Queensland&#39;s larger working-class population and a lesser involvement of architects.</p><br>
<p>Many of the First World War monuments have been updated to record local involvement in later conflicts, and some have fallen victim to unsympathetic re-location and repair.</p><br>
<p>Although there are many different types of memorials in Queensland, the digger statue is the most common. It was the most popular choice of communities responsible for erecting the memorials, embodying the ANZAC spirit and representing the qualities of the ideal Australian: loyalty, courage, youth, innocence and masculinity. The digger was a phenomenon peculiar to Queensland, perhaps due to the fact that other states had followed Britain&#39;s lead and established Advisory Boards made up of architects and artists, prior to the erection of war memorials. The digger statue was not highly regarded by artists and architects who were involved in the design of relatively few Queensland memorials.</p><br>
<p>Most statues were constructed by local masonry firms, although some were by artists or imported. They varied slightly in design, presumably to suit the needs of the communities who commissioned them.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The First World War Memorial is situated in a small park at the end of the main shopping street of Manly. It sits in a constructed oval-shaped amphitheatre within the park which comprises a formal arrangement of paths, garden seats, hedges and mature trees.</p><br>
<p>The memorial is surrounded by kerbing with bollards at each corner which are square in plan with pyramidal apexes. It sits on a circular concrete pad with kerbing to the outside edge.</p><br>
<p>The pedestal sits on a rock faced granite base with a chamfered top. It is of simple design and constructed of sandstone which has been painted.</p><br>
<p>The plinth has a smooth faced step surmounted by a simple moulding and another smooth faced step. This is capped by a small cornice. The dado has a small base step and the shaft has slightly tapering sides. The front face displays a marble plaque with the leaded names of the local men who fell in the First World War and the word MANLY is incised on the lower step. The western face also displays a marble plaque with the leaded names of the local men who fell in the Second World War.</p><br>
<p>The pedestal dado is capped by a simple concave cornice.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Manly War Memorial was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 August 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>War Memorials are important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland&#39;s history as they are representative of a recurrent theme that involved most communities throughout the state. They provide evidence of an era of widespread Australian patriotism and nationalism, particularly during and following the First World War.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The monuments manifest a unique documentary record and are demonstrative of popular taste in the inter-war period.</p><br>
<p>Erected in 1921, the memorial at Manly demonstrates the principal characteristics of a commemorative structure erected as an enduring record of a major historical event. This is achieved through the use of appropriate materials and design elements.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The memorial and its intact setting are a landmark within Manly and contribute to the aesthetic qualities of the townscape.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>It has a strong and continuing association with the community as evidence of the impact of a major historic event and as the focal point for the remembrance of that event.</p><br>
<p>Corbett and Son Store is a heritage-listed store at 446-452 Brunswick Street, Fortitude Valley, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Robin Dods and built in 1908. It is also known as Diamonds Dry Cleaners, Isis Restaurant, and Peerless Dry Cleaners. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 26 May 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This brick single-storied with basement store was designed by architect RS (Robin) Dods in 1908 for wine merchants and grocers, Patrick and Michael Corbett.</p><br>
<p>The site, located on the corner of Brunswick and Robertson (then Jane) Streets, was purchased in 1907 by the Corbetts (who had operated a grocery store from the site since 1885) from the estate of Angus Ross subject to an easement, which provided rear access to nearby properties fronting Brunswick St. Ross had acquired the site, which formed part of the eastern suburban allotment (ESA) 37 by deed of grant in 1851, just two years after John Dunmore Lang&#39;s privately sponsored immigrants made their settlement in what became known as Fortitude (after one of the immigrant ships) Valley. According to the post office directories, the site remains unoccupied until 1878, when part of it is leased to builder and grocer, Frederick T Smith. By this time, this part of Brunswick Street, which provided the major thoroughfare to New Farm, is starting to develop as a mixed use area, combining small commercial and residential premises.</p><br>
<p>During the 1880s, development of this section of the Valley intensifies: Brunswick Street between John and Jane Streets now includes a number of commercial premises (music teacher, collar and harness maker, dyer and furrier, painter, and fruiterer) as well as two stores located on the subject site, including from 1885 a grocery store at no.450 operated by Patrick Corbett. Nearby on the opposite side of Jane Street, John Lennon&#39;s two story masonry premises (ground floor shop with residence on upper floor) are erected in 1885; and on the opposite side of Brunswick Street, two substantial tobacco factories are constructed in 1889 (Cameron Bros, later to become a brewery and Robert Dixson and Co).</p><br>
<p>In the 1890s, despite a downturn in the Queensland economy, the Valley continued to develop, led by the large retailers, TC Beirne and James McWhirter whose Brunswick Street drapers stores quickly grew to become large department stores, and further fuelled by the developing Brisbane tram network in which the Valley was a central node. By the turn of the century the Valley was established as the second major commercial district of the city supplanting South Brisbane and the Woolloongabba Fiveways. Corbett&#39;s store, although on the fringe of the main Valley commercial area, would conceivably have benefited from this development as well as from the increasing residential population as the land on both sides of Brunswick Street was subdivided.</p><br>
<p>In 1908, following purchase of the site, Patrick Corbett and his son Michael erect their new masonry premises. Architect RS (Robin) Dods (1868-1920) was to make the most of the sloping corner site. Although single storied, the height of the parapet and the simple bold enrichment of red brickwork relieved with bands of white brickwork (now obscured by paint) and cement dressings enabled the building to robustly address Brunswick and Jane Streets, as well as its nearby more substantial neighbours. The main entrance of the new shop was from the corner, a secondary door from Brunswick Street provided access to the basement level via an internal staircase. The shopfront was constructed to provide a generous display area as well as ventilation and light to the lower floor (via the setback of the floor). A separate delivery entrance to the upper floor was located on Robertson Street via sliding timber doors.</p><br>
<p>Although a relatively modest example of the work of Robin Dods, Corbett&#39;s store is a fine example of his commercial work, much of which has been demolished. From 1896-1916, Dods was in partnership with Francis Richard Hall, as Hall & Dods. Dods is described as having a highly developed architectural imagination, his introduction of the formal and philosophical ideas of both the British Arts and Crafts movement and Edwardian classicism and his significant functional solutions to the problems of living and building in Queensland combined to achieve an "architectural revolution in Brisbane")</p><br>
<p>In 1914, title was granted to Michael Corbett who continued to operate the business until his death in the 1930s. In 1938, the shop was leased to dry cleaners, Diamonds Pty Ltd; Joseph Diamond acquired the site in 1947. Diamonds continued to occupy the site until, when it was acquired by Peerless Drycleaners and later by the present owner. Recent changes to the building include the demolition and rebuilding (with loss of some detail) of the awning over Brunswick St; demolition of a rear corrugated iron addition, and replacement of sliding timber doors to Robertson St service entry with a window. In the last decade, urban renewal has brought considerable changes to the Fortitude Valley area, including changes of use to a number of existing buildings: the upper story of the former grocery store / drycleaning premises is now a restaurant; the basement, a commercial tenancy.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The former Corbett and Sons store, a brick single-storeyed with basement structure, is located on the corner of Brunswick and Robertson Streets, Fortitude Valley. The building&#39;s roof is concealed behind a high parapet, with a street awning fronting Brunswick Street and returning into Robertson Street. The site slopes to the northeast, with the building having a two-storeyed elevation at the rear.</p><br>
<p>The principal entrance is located at the truncated corner of the two streets, and is surmounted by a decorative shaped gable with rendered detailing to the parapet. The paired entrance doors are recessed, with a marble step and tessellated tiled threshold, and surmounted by a panel of glass louvres. The shopfront, fronting Brunswick Street and returning into Robertson Street, has large paned display windows surmounted by high level multi-paned panels. Louvred panels located below the display windows along Brunswick Street have been sheeted over. A separate entrance is located at the western end of the Brunswick Street elevation, and consists of a recessed multi-paned door with tiled threshold. The street awning has a box fascia with cast iron columns, two of which are missing. The awning has a pressed metal soffit, and has recently been reconstructed losing some of Dods&#39; original detailing. The building is constructed of painted English bond masonry, but originally consisted of red brickwork relieved with bands of white brickwork with rendered mouldings.</p><br>
<p>The Robertson Street elevation has a timber framed, hipped corrugated iron awning with window (formerly a separate service entrance with sliding timber doors). A lower entrance at the northern end of the Robertson Street elevation provides access to the basement. The rear of the building has a basement entrance at the northern corner, with a timber stair accessing the rear door to the shop level. Tall windows, with glass louvre panels and security bars, are located at the rear corners of the building, and the brickwork shows evidence of an earlier rear wing. The side elevation also has two small high level window openings, and a window with security bars lighting the basement at the rear corner.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the shop level has a pressed metal ceiling, areas of which have been damaged, painted masonry walls and a timber floor. The floor was originally set back from the Brunswick Street display windows to provide light and ventilation to the basement, however the setback has been infilled. A shallow bulkhead above the display windows indicate the position of screens which originally formed a backdrop to the display space. The rear northeast corner has a raised section of floor, which allows access from the Robertson Street entrance to the basement. The basement has a concrete floor, and timber posts supporting the floor above.</p><br>
<p>The northwest side of the site has a concrete slab, and the rear of the site is vacant except for a small shed at the northern corner.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The former Corbett and Son Store was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 26 May 2000 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>It is important in illustrating the development of Fortitude Valley as it continued to develop into the twentieth century as a major commercial district.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The store is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a corner store, albeit one with more sophisticated architectural pretensions. The rear service laneway, which has provided access to nearby Brunswick Street commercial premises since at least 1907, demonstrates a type of land use and development relatively rare in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building makes a significant contribution to the Brunswick Street streetscape, and is an important element in the commercial townscape of Fortitude Valley.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Erected in 1908, the former Corbett & Son store is a fine example of the commercial design work of architect RS (Robin) Dods, generally acknowledged as one of the most accomplished architects to practise in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>Scott Street Flats is a heritage-listed apartment block at 2 Scott Street, Kangaroo Point, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Elina Mottram and built to by W B Johnstone. It is also known as Scott House. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 29 April 2003.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Scott Street Flats, a two storey building of masonry and timber built in for Professor Frank and Mrs Zina Cumbrae-Stewart was designed by Elina Mottram, a pioneer woman architect in Queensland. The building is located in Kangaroo Point, close to the Brisbane River and overlooking the Town Reach to the central business district of Brisbane city. The block is an amalgamation of two allotments that were once part of the Wesleyan Church Reserve of 1850. Mrs Zina Cumbrae-Stewart purchased the land in 1913. Upon her death in 1956, the property passed to her son Francis. In 2013 the property was sold to GDW Investments for $3.3 million with the intention to develop a high rise apartment on the site.</p><br>
<p>The Cumbrae-Stewarts moved from Taringa to Kangaroo Point sometime around 1914-15. In 1917-18, the Cumbrae-Stewarts moved to 283 Main Street, a large house located on the corner of Main and Scott Streets, adjacent to the site of the Scott Street Flats, which were constructed sometime in 1925. The flats were occupied from about 1926, the first listing to appear was a Lesley Backhouse. The Cumbrae-Stewarts resided at 283 Main Street until 1930. They then moved to the flats, which became known as "Scott House". In 1936 Professor Cumbrae-Stewart retired and the couple re-located to Melbourne where Mrs Cumbrae-Stewart was born and both had been educated.</p><br>
<p>Queensland Government legislation of 1920 that increased the rating powers of local government and resulted in a doubling of general rates may have provided the impetus for the Cumbrae-Stewarts to develop their block. Many of the large 1880s houses of the inner city suburbs were being converted into flats to address the housing shortages in Brisbane in the 1920s. The Queensland Magazine of May 1925 reported that in Kangaroo Point there were "many beautiful homes still occupied by tenants who have no desire to cut up their gardens to make room for small villas" but that "some very modern flats have sprung up". It was an enterprising move on the part of Mrs Cumbrae-Stewart to build the flats with the dual purpose of investment and providing a convenient home for her husband and herself in their latter years.</p><br>
<p>The 1920s saw an increasing number of purpose-built flats erected in inner Brisbane. Tender notices in the Architectural and Building Journal of Queensland indicate that the number of new flats being constructed grew steadily in the early to mid 1920s, reaching record levels in 1929. The economic depression of the early 1930s brought a halt to flat-building activities, which began to recover again in the mid 1930s. 1933-36 was the boom time for flat construction in Brisbane. The Scott Street Flats are an early example of purpose-designed flats and reflect the interwar preference for Old English or Tudor Revival and Spanish/Mediterranean design themes.</p><br>
<p>Purpose-designed flats introduced a range of new domestic features, some of which are evident in the Scott Street flats. The amount of built-in storage is a significant feature - the kitchen, bathroom and bedrooms are all equipped with sensibly detailed, space efficient units. A maids bedroom was a feature of many of the more prestigious flats. The Scott Street flats are carefully planned to enable back-of-house movement between bathroom, kitchen, laundry and maids room on the Southern side of the building whilst maintaining formal living spaces and bedrooms orientated to the North and to city and river views. The two-way drawers and narrow door from maid&#39;s room to entry hall are features that allowed the residents to maintain their genteel lifestyles in the new domestic environment of a flat.</p><br>
<h3>The Cumbrae-Stewarts</h3><br>
<p>Both Mrs Cumbrae-Stewart and her husband Frank (Francis) were prominent and active citizens of Brisbane early in the century. Frank Cumbrae-Stewart was a barrister and King&#39;s Counsel and was appointed the foundation registrar and librarian of the new University of Queensland in 1910. Among his numerous involvements, he was a founder and president of the Royal Historical Society of Queensland and a founder and trustee of the John Oxley Library. Historical papers he authored included histories of the Brisbane River, Brisbane bridges and surveyors of the Queensland coast. In 1926 he became Garrick Professor of Law at the University of Queensland.</p><br>
<p>Mrs Cumbrae-Stewart was equally active. A deeply committed evangelical Anglican, she was an executive member of the Australian Red Cross in Queensland for twenty-two years, was an original member of the Mothers Union and its president for nine years and president of the National Council of Women of Queensland for nine years. She helped found the Queensland Social Service League in 1931 to cope with problems related to the Depression. Other societies she was involved with included the Mothercraft Association, the Travellers Aid Society and the Shakespeare Society. Zina Cumbrae-Stewart was the first woman to speak from the platform of the Brisbane City Hall and had early involvement in educational broadcasting.</p><br>
<h3>Elina Mottram</h3><br>
<p>Women who were first to enter the architectural profession were restricted in their ability to attract clients, especially in the corporate sector - "women did not have access to the mysterious but often profitable workings of the old boy network". Women did, however, begin to develop their own associations — "there is also a likelihood that as women architects became more senior they formed connections with other influential women, particularly those involved in welfare and church work, through their membership of the various Melbourne Womens Clubs." It is likely connections such as these that brought Zina Cumbrae-Stewart and Elina Mottram together as client and architect in the mid 1920s. Certainly, Mrs Cumbrae-Stewart was a member of the Lyceum Club in Brisbane and it appears that she took responsibility for most of the familys financial dealings.</p><br>
<p>Elina Mottram was born in 1903. The only child of building contractor Arthur Mottram, she had early encouragement to become an architect. In 1924, she was the first woman in Brisbane to open her own architectural practice. The Architects and Builders Journal of Queensland reported:</p><br>
<p>"Brisbane has at last a lady architect, in the person of Miss Elina Mottram, of Nundah, who has commenced the practice of her professional in the T and G Building. We offer congratulations on her recent successes at the Technical College and trust that she will get her fair share of support."</p><br>
<p>She was fortunate to establish her practice during the pre-Depression building boom in Brisbane. Domestic commissions formed the basis of her early work but she went on to have a long and varied career in architecture. In fact, of the small group of nine pioneering women architects in Queensland (that is, those practising before World War II), Mottram was the only one to pursue her architectural career for the full length of her working life.</p><br>
<p>She taught Building Construction at the Brisbane Central Technical College and from 1926 was a sole practitioner in the central western Queensland town of Longreach. In Longreach she designed a number of houses and public buildings including the Masonic Temple and Longreach Motors, and re-modelled the AWU Hall and the School of Arts. In 1937 she was in partnership with her father in Rockhampton as "A. and E. Mottram. Contractor and Architect". One of their major jobs was the Longreach Hospital and in 1940, she was "foreman" of works on the first stage of construction of this building which was designed by Hall and Phillips. During the Second World War she worked as a draftswoman in the American Army Engineering Office in Rockhampton. Later as a Queensland Railways architect she designed the new Eagle Junction railway station. A residence in Corinda and the Scott Street Flats are the only known remaining intact examples of her work in Brisbane.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Scott Street Flats is a two storey, timber and masonry Tudor Revival building located overlooking the Brisbane River at Kangaroo Point. The building contains two flats, each occupying a full floor with identical floorplans. Almost square in plan, the building has a pyramid shaped, terracotta tiled roof with overhanging eaves. It is constructed of red face brick at ground level and has a half timbered appearance at upper level, achieved through the use of fibro-cement cladding with timber cover strips. The plain exterior of the building is simply elaborated with arched brick openings at ground floor level, small panels of timber lattice and a timber corbel between the two floors. The western elevation facing the river has four faceted bay windows and downpipes with prominent rainwater heads at each end.</p><br>
<p>Entry to the flats is on the eastern side of the building. Timber stairs lead to an upper level entry porch enclosed in timber lattice. A similar enclosure is located under the stairs, providing access to the ground floor flat.</p><br>
<p>The front door opens into an antechamber which narrows to become a hallway. To the left of the front door is a small door opening from the former maids room. The hallway terminates in a vestibule, shaped as a square on 45 degrees, with doors on each of the four sides leading into various rooms. To the left is the kitchen and dining room, to the right, the sitting room and second bedroom. The main bedroom and bathroom are located off the hallway. An enclosed porch is found on the northern side of the bedrooms, connected by half glass, French doors. A service area and back stairs are located on the southern side of the kitchen and bathroom and provides access between the former maids room, bathroom and kitchen.</p><br>
<p>There are timber floors and linoleum throughout and interior walls and ceilings are lined with fibro-cement with timber mouldings. The sitting room and dining room have a narrow plate rail and the ceilings are decorated with a simple grid of flat timber cover moulding. Some early light fittings and linoleum remain. There are generous amounts of built-in storage in all rooms. An entire wall of the kitchen contains a variety of cupboards, drawers and pantry spaces. One set of drawers operates in both directions between the kitchen and adjacent dining room. These drawers sit within a carefully designed storage unit of timber and glass that faces into the dining room.</p><br>
<p>Windows throughout are generally multi-paned casement windows and doors are timber with three panels and high mid rails, with original hardware throughout. Multi-paned, glass French doors are located between the dining room and sitting room and between the sitting room and porch. The bathroom and kitchen have timber ventilation panels, original features such as a cast iron, claw foot bath and porcelain enamel sinks and a painted concrete floor. A laundry is located in the southern garden at the back of the building and contains concrete sinks and galvanised iron water storage.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Scott Street Flats was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 29 April 2003 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Scott Street Flats, a two storey building of masonry and timber built in, is historically important for its association with the entry of women into the professions in Queensland, particularly into the architectural profession.</p><br>
<p>Scott Street Flats is important in demonstrating the interwar residential development of Brisbane when flats appeared in inner-city suburbs, increasing the density and diversity of the city&#39;s housing stock.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Scott Street Flats demonstrate rare aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage as there are few surviving intact examples of the work of pioneer woman architects in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building has aesthetic significance as a well designed example of an early purpose-built flats building in the Tudor Revival style.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Scott Street Flats have a special association with the work of Elina Mottram, the first woman to open her own architectural practice in Brisbane and Queensland&#39;s longest practising woman architect.</p><br>
<p>The Scott Street Flats also have an association with Professor and Mrs Cumbrae-Stewart, prominent citizens of Brisbane in the 1910s, 20s and 30s.</p><br>
<p>Babb&#39;s Bridge is a covered bridge spanning the Presumpscot River on Hurricane Road, between the towns of Gorham and Windham in Cumberland County, Maine. Built in 1976, it is a replica of a 19th-century bridge that stood on the site until destroyed by fire in 1973. The 1973 bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Babb&#39;s Bridge is located on the Presumpscot River, carrying Hurricane Road between central-western Windham on the east side and northern Gorham on the west side. It is a single-span queenspost truss bridge, with a total structure length of 79 ft and a width of 13 ft. Its end portals have a posted height limit of 10 ft. It is covered by a gabled roof, and its side and end walls are finished in vertical board siding.</p><br>
<p>The present bridge is a reconstruction, dedicated in 1976, of an earlier bridge, which was destroyed by arson in 1973. The exact date of construction of the older bridge is a matter of debate. Some sources give a date as early as 1843, while the state and other sources maintain a date of 1864. The 19th-century bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 as a joint effort of the Windham and Gorham Historical Societies. Following its destruction, the towns petitioned the state to build a replica, instead of replacing the bridge with a modern structure of steel and concrete. The present bridge was built, in part as a community effort with donated materials and labor, using techniques that might have been used in the construction of the original.</p><br>
<p>In 2014, vandals cut holes in its roof to allow people to jump into the river below.</p><br>
<p>Agios Stefanos  was originally a fishing village for the nearby village of Avliotes. In 2011, its population was 176. It is located 35 km from Corfu town, approximate transfer time by car is 1h 15 min. It has a safe harbor on the north west side of Corfu Island, where the four Diapontia Islands  can be seen, while further away the Adriatic Sea is the natural frontier between Greece and Italy. Fishing is still a very important part of the local economy.</p><br>
<p>Agios Stefanos (Beach) attracts a number of tourists each summer. The village still has its old church where it gets its name and some pretty old traditional buildings; it offers a few hotels and apartments, there are also a variety of tavernas/restaurants and an assortment of bars. Agios Stefanos (Beach) can be reached by the regular local bus service, via taxi or by private vehicle.</p><br>
<p>Dr. J. A. Savage House, also known as Albion Academy, was a historic home located at 124 East College Street in Franklinton, Franklin County, North Carolina. It was built about 1880, and enlarged to its present size about 1895. It was a two-story, frame house with a cross-gable roof, sheathed with plain weatherboards, and rests on a brick and stone pier foundation. It had a one-story rear kitchen ell. It was originally built as a classroom and/or dormitory, and enlarged by Dr. John A. Savage for use as his private residence. The building housed Albion Academy , a school for African-American elementary and high school students founded by the Presbyterian Board of Missions for Freedmen.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The lot is currently vacant.</p><br>
